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Pharm 1 > Drugs affecting blood pressure > Flashcards

Drugs affecting blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the ACE inhibitor lisonpril?

A

act in the lungs to prevent ACE from converting from angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- inhibits the RAAS

  • leads to a DECREASE in blood pressure
  • increase in potassium
  • loss of serum sodium and fluid
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2
Q

ACE inhibitor suffix

A
  • pril

lisinopril

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3
Q

Indications for lisinopril

A

Hypertension, heart failure, recent MI, left ventricular dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy

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4
Q

what is the route of administration for lisinopril?

A

Oral

  • widely distributed
  • metabolized in the liver
  • excreted in the urine
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5
Q

What are the contraindications for lisonpril?

A
  • allergy
  • heart failure
  • salt/volume depletion
  • pregnancy or lactation
  • impaired renal function
  • women of childbearing age should use contraceptives
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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of lisinopril?

A
  • Headache, dizziness, fatigue, constant dry cough, angioedema, elevated K+ (hyperkalemia)
  • hypotension, tachycardia
  • proteinurea
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7
Q

Clients should avoid what if they are taking lisionpril?

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

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8
Q

Can you use lisonpril while pregnant?

A

No, may cause fetal injury

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9
Q

Drug-drug interactions for lisonpril

A

allopurinol (hypersensitivty)

  • nonsterioidal anti inflammatory drugs
  • drugs used to alter RAAS (ACE, ARBs, renin inhibitor)
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10
Q

Can lisinopril be taken with food?

A

No, should be taken on empty stomach.
either 1 hour before meals
or 2 hours after meals

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11
Q

Nursing considerations for lisonopril

A
  • assess BP and pulses routinely
  • monitor for hypotension
  • Monitor potassium levels
    Edu
  • avoid foods high in potassium and salt substitutes
  • assess for angioedmea
  • edu about rebound hypertension (stoping meds abrubtly)
  • monitor fluid volume
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12
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) performs what roles in the body?

A
  • inactivates bradykinin by breaking it down

- converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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13
Q

A patient is prescribed an ACE Inhibitor after experiencing a myocardial infarction. What effects on the body will this medication achieve? Select all that apply
A. Decreases SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and blood pressure
B. Constriction of the vessels
C. Kidneys will excrete water and sodium
D. Kidneys will retain potassium.
E. Increases SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and blood pressure

A

A, C, D

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14
Q

Your patient is taking an ACE Inhibitor to manage blood pressure. Which finding below requires immediate nursing action?

A. Urinary output is 190 mL within the past 4 hours.
B. Patient has a persistent, dry cough.
C. EKG shows tall, peaked t-waves.
D. Patient has a negative Chvostek’s sign.
A

C. the EKG indicates hyperkalemia

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15
Q

Angiotensin II recpetor blocker (ARB) : losartan action

A

block the activation of angiotensin II receptor type I sites.

  • prevents angiotensin II from binding to these receptor sites
  • dilates vessels (decrease SVR and blood pressure)
  • decreases secretion of aldosterone (decrease in blood volume, excrete sodium and water but keep potassium)
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16
Q

Uses for losartan

A
  • when ACE inhibitors don’t work
  • Hypertension (lowers BP)
  • diabetic nephropathy
  • heart failure
  • slow progression of renal disease (with type 2 diabetes and hypertension)
17
Q

What is the suffic for ARB’s

A
  • Sartan
18
Q

Administration of losartan

A
  • orally
    abosbed and metabolized in the liver
    excreted in feces and urie
19
Q

Contraindications of losartan

A
  • allergy

- pregnancy & lactation

20
Q

cautions with losartan

A
  • hepatic or renal dsyfunction
  • hypotension
  • hypovolemia
  • hyperkalemia
21
Q

adverse effects of losartan

A
  • headache, dizziness (risk for falls), syncope and weakness
  • hypotension
    D/N, abdominal pain
  • back pain, fever, muscle weakness
  • angioedema
    -tachycardia, hypoglycemia
    -hyperkalemia
22
Q

Nursing considerations for Losartan

A

-monitor renal function
-avoid foods high in potassium
- avoid salt substitutes high in K+
- assess vitals (BP and pluse)
- pregnancy test fr childbearing age
- assess for edema or dyspnea (if used for HF)
- monitor for fluid volume drop
edu
- change positions slowly
- avoid NSAIDS
- can take with food
- how to take blood pressure at home
- do not stop taking meds

23
Q

What lifestyle changes should someone who is taking losartan do?

A
  • loss weight
  • smoking cessation
  • decrease alcohol intake
  • increase PA
  • follow low sodium diet
24
Q 
An older adult who lives in a long-term care facility has recently begun taking losartan (Cozaar) for the treatment of hypertension. The nurse who provides care for this resident should recognize that this change in the resident's medication regimen make create a risk for: 
A. constipation 
B. falls
C. dry mouth 
D. depression
A

B. falls

25
Q 
An older adult who lives in a long-term care facility has recently begun taking losartan (Cozaar) for the treatment of hypertension. The nurse who provides care for this resident should recognize that this change in the resident's medication regimen make create a risk for: 
A. tongue swelling 
b. low potassium 
c. runny nose
d. bruising
A

A. tongue swelling

Pharm 1 (6 decks)

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