Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensic medicine > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ICD 10 definition of dependence syndrome?

A

a cluster of physiological, behavioural and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or a class of substances takes on a much higher priority for a given individual than other behaviours that once had greater value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a central descriptive characteristic of dependence syndrome (ICD10)?

A

the desire (often strong, or overpowering) to take the psychoactive drugs (may/not have been prescribed), alcohol or tobacco.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the misuse of drugs act?

A

An act providing the legal framework for control of drugs according to potential for misuse.
Details requirements for prescription, safe custody and record-keeping.
Classifies drugs and penalties for supply & possession offences, allowing premises to be used for drug production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the class A drugs.

A 
Major opiates
cocaine, crack
LSD
injectable amphetamines
magic mushrooms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the class B drugs.

A 
cannabis
oral amphetamines
ritalin 
pholocodeine
mephedrone (bubbles)
synthetic cannabinoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the class C drugs.

A

Tranquilisers (including benzodiazepines)
some painkillers (buprenorphine, dextropropoxyphene)
gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jail time for dealing and possession of class A drugs?

A

dealing: up to life
possession: up to 7 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jail time for dealing and possession of class B drugs?

A

dealing: up to 14y
possession: up to 5y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Jail time for dealing and possession of class C drugs?

A

dealing: up to 14y
possession: up to 2y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to the misuse of drugs regulations, which drugs are prohibited without a H.O. licence?

A

Schedule 1: prohibited without H.O licence

LSD, cannabis, opium, ecstasy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to the misuse of drugs regulations, which drugs have controlled prescribing, custody and registers?

A

Schedule 2: controlled prescribing, custody and registers.

Heroin, methadone, cocaine, amphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to the misuse of drugs regulations, which drugs are schedule 3?

A

barbiturates, pentazocine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to the misuse of drugs regulations, which drugs are schedule 4?

A

benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to the misuse of drugs regulations, which drugs are schedule 5 (contain small amounts of CD)?

A

Schedule 5: contain small amounts of controlled drugs

co-proxamol, co-codamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drug use in Scotland per head is amongst the highest in the world - which drug is used most?

A

4% of Scots use Cocaine (highest)

  1. 5% use ecstasy
  2. 5% smoke or inject heroin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many more times likely are drug users likely to die than general population?

A

users 12x more likely to due than gen population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which drug is the commonest single use drug in Scotland?

A

heroin is commonest single drug

but poly use is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the majority of drug deaths are in people from which ethnic and socioeconomic background?

A

mostly white males from deprived areas

common to have had alcohol, or psychiatric problems within 6m prior to death
1/3 in contact with drug treatment service at time of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in terms of value for money (VFM), which is cheaper, drugs or alcohol?

A

drugs are cheaper in terms of VFM/hr of effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the active compound in cannabis?

A

THC = tetra-hydro-cannabinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is hash?

A

cannabis resin (blocks in clingfilm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute physical effects of cannabis

A 
Dry mouth
Dilated pupils 
red eyes
tachycardia, HTN
postural HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronic effects of cannabis

A 
psychosis - schizophrenia 
A-motivational syndrome
Reduced sperm count
Reduced fertility (F)
Bronchitis + emphysema 
Lung cancer?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Withdrawal symptoms for cannabis

A 
irritability
mood change
restlessness
loss of appetite
weight loss 
insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what class of drug is valium?

A

valium = diazepam = benzo = class C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acute effects of benzodiazepines

A 
anxiolytic, relaxation
impaired memory
paradoxical aggression
uncharacteristic criminal behaviour 
uncontrollable emotions 
'hangover'
dizziness
sedation, incoordination
sexual dysfunction
weight gain
hypotension + coma w/ high dose
27
Q

chronic effects of benzodiazepines

A

chronic intoxication
tolerance
psychological and physical dependence

28
Q

withdrawal effects of benzodiazepines

A 
anxiety, insomnia 
sweating, headache
tremor, nausea
disordered perceptions
hypersensitivity to stimuli 
psychosis 
convulsions
29
Q

full names for MDA and MDMA

A 
MDA = methylene-dioxy-amphetamine 
MDMA = 3,4, methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine
30
Q

acute psychological effects of amphetamines

A 
Euphoria, friendly
Heightened awareness and concentration
Increased energy
Irritability, restlessness
Irrational behaviour, confusion
Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia
Psychosis
31
Q

acute physical effects of amphetamines

A 
Tachycardia, HTN, tachypnoea 
Loss of appetite
Dilated pupils, brisk reflexes
Dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness
Sweating, flushing or pallor 
Teeth-grinding, repetitive actions
Pyrexia, dehydration
32
Q

Acute adverse reactions from amphetamines

A 
arrhythmia 
stroke (intra-cerebral or sub-arachnoid haemorrhage)
hyper-pyrexia
DIC
Acute paranoid psychosis
33
Q

chronic effects of amphetamines

A 
Aggression, fatigue, insomnia
Anorexia, malnutrition, weight loss
Diarrhoea and vomiting
Cardiomyopathy
Chronic paranoid psychosis 
Depression, schizophrenia
34
Q

Alternative names for mephedrone and class type

A

aka. bubbles, plant food
4-methylo-meth-cathinone (MMCAT)

similar to XTC and cocaine
Made class B in 2010
35
Q

acute effects of mephedrone

A 
tachycardia, HTN
insomnia, anorexia
Bruxism
Nystagmus
Blue/cold extremities (vasoconstriction)
Pain in chest, throat, nose
Nosebleeds if snorted
36
Q

Withdrawal effects of mephderone

A

unpleasant come down with sleep disturbance
paranoia
depression
SUICIDE

37
Q

cocaine is detectable in which samples?

A

blood, urine, nasal, hair and saliva (everywhere)

38
Q

acute effects of cocaine

A 
Euphoria
Formication (insects under skin)
Irritability, confusion
Hallucinations, paranoia, depression
Tachycardia, HTN, tachypnoea 
Dilated pupils
Increased mental excitement 
Hyper-pyrexia
39
Q

Chronic effects of cocaine (general)

A 
chest pains, muscle spasm
weight loss
perforated nasal septum
"crack keratitis" of eyes
erosion of tooth enamel 
"crack callus" of fingers
male impotence, female orgasm problems
40
Q

Chronic effects of cocaine on the heart

A

premature atherosclerosis, CAT, MI
Acute contraction band necrosis (catecholamine stress)
Chronic scarring (cardiomyopathy)
Fatal arrhythmia

41
Q

Chronic effects of cocaine on the brain

A

Haemorrhage (intra-cerebral or SA)

Infarction - arterial spasm

42
Q

Withdrawal effects of cocaine

A 
Intense psychological craving
irritability, depression
muscle pains, tremor
hunger
exhaustion, prolonged sleep
43
Q

Full name of LSD and time until peak effects

A

Lysergic acid Diethytlamide
a semi-synthetic hallucinogen

effects within 1hr, peak at 4hr
eliminated at 12hrs

44
Q

you cannot become dependent on LSD - true or false

A

tolerance develops but not dependence

45
Q

hallucinations with LSD are visual - true or false

A

trick Q - hallucinations are visual and auditory

distorted perception of time, distance and speed

46
Q

what are some chronic effects of LSD

A

tolerance
abortion in pregnant women
anxiety, psychosis
flashbacks

47
Q

constricted pupils, relief of anxiety, N&V, inability to concentrate and suppressed cough reflex = which drug class?

A

opiates

also decreased HR and RR

48
Q

chronic effects of opiates

A 
tolerance
dependence
constipation
loss of libido
complications of IV injection
49
Q

withdrawal signs from opiates

A 
OPPOSITE SIGNS OF OPIATE INTOXICATION
dilated pupils, raised HR and BP
lacrimation, yawning
cold clammy skin, gooseflesh
loud bowel sounds
N/V/D
50
Q

Timing of opiate withdrawal

A

Commences after 8-15hrs
Peaks at 36-48hrs
Subsides over 5-10 days

51
Q

metabolism of heroin

A

diacetylmorphine aka. diamorphine > 6-MAM > morphine > M3G (inactive) or M6G (active)

52
Q

new heroin addicts are more likely to die from over dose than older addicts - true or false

A

false
older addicts most at risk
morphine levels at death are no different to those in living addicts i.e. not a huge dose required to kill

53
Q

presence of 6-MAM in toxicology samples from a drugs death tells you what?

A

6-MAM indicates rapid death from heroin overdose

6-MAM hasn’t yet turned to morphine

54
Q

M3G and M6G in toxicology tells you that the death was how long ago?

A

M3G and M6G is seen if death is some hours after injection

55
Q

IV abuse of oral drugs -> ?

A

lung and liver granulomas due to e.g. gelatinous capsule content, tablet filler etc.

56
Q

Person with pulmonary scarring and granulomas, which microscopy investigation might indicate IVDU?

A

birefringement in polarised light of foreign body granulomas suggests IVDU

57
Q

what substances are being referred to when “cocktail effect” is mentioned re. heroin death?

A

diazepam, methadone, alcohol and heroin

58
Q

why is it difficult to quantify the ‘lethal level’ form PM toxicology?

A 
inter-individual variation
tolerance
cocktail effect
active metabolites
sampling site 
PM redistribution
59
Q

Which drugs cause sexual dysfunction of some form?

A

benzodiazepines - sexual dysfunction
chronic effects of cocaine - male impotence and female orgasm problems
chronic use of opiates - loss of libido

60
Q

Which drugs cause reproductive issues?

A

cannabis - reduced sperm count and female fertility

LSD causes abortion in pregnant females

61
Q

which drugs cause paradoxical aggression and uncharacteristic criminal behaviour?

A

benzodiazepines

62
Q

Which drugs can cause brain haemorrhage as an adverse effect?

A

cocaine and amphetamines can cause intra-cerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhages

63
Q

alcohol potentiates the effects of benzodiazepines - true or false

A

true

64
Q

how long until withdrawal symptoms for benzos set in?

A

2-3 days

Forensic medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions