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Pulmonary > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol

A
  • Asthma, COPD
  • MOA: Bronchodilator - selective beta 2 agonist
  • Side Effects: minimal by inhaled route, skeletal muscle tremor, palpitations, hyperkalemia
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2
Q

Salmeterol

A
  • long acting bronchodilator - long acting beta-agonist (LABA)
  • MOA: beta 2 direct agonist
  • Side Effects: minimal side effects by inhaled route, skeletal muscle tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, should not be used without inhaled corticosteroid in asthma
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3
Q

Formoterol

A
  • long acting bronchodilator - long acting beta-agonist (LABA)
  • MOA: beta 2 direct agonist
  • Side Effects: minimal side effects by inhaled route, skeletal muscle tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, should not be used without inhaled corticosteroid in asthma
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4
Q

Ipatropium

A
  • inhaled as a bronchodilator in obstructive lung disease (COPD and asthma)
  • duration of action tiotropium >> ipratropium
  • MOA: competitive inhibitor at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, but does not cross the blood brain barrier, tiotropium prolonged action at M3 muscarinic receptors
  • Side Effects: few side effects because of its limited absorption due to quaternary ammonium in structure
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5
Q

Tiotropium

A
  • inhaled as a bronchodilator in obstructive lung disease (COPD and asthma)
  • duration of action tiotropium >> ipratropium
  • MOA: competitive inhibitor at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, but does not cross the blood brain barrier, tiotropium prolonged action at M3 muscarinic receptors
  • Side Effects: few side effects because of its limited absorption due to quaternary ammonium in structure
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6
Q

Methacholine

A
  • by inhalation to test for airway hyperreactivity; broken down slowly by AChE
  • MOA: relatively selective M agonist
  • Side Effect: vasodilation; increased bronchial secretion; bronchospasm *

*muscarinic poisoning produces hyperphysiological responses including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, urination, bradycardia, hypotension, visual disturbances, salivation, lacrimation (reversed with atropine)

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7
Q

Theophylline

A
  • COPD, asthma
  • MOA: bronchodilator, inhibits phosphodiesterase increasing cAMP
  • Side Effects: nausea, CNS stimulant (seizure possible), arrhythmias
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8
Q

Prednisone

A
  • Prednisone is a glucocorticoid medication mostly used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma, COPD, and rheumatologic diseases.
  • MOA: Prednisone is a commonly used catabolic steroid that binds to cytoplasmic receptors and inhibits DNA synthesis
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9
Q

Beclomethasone

A
  • asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis
  • MOA: anti-inflammatory, inhaled corticosteroid
  • Side Effects: oral candidiasis, dysphonia, decreasedgrowth in children at high doses
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10
Q

Cromolyn

A
  • prophylaxis for allergic rhinitis and asthma
  • MOA: prevents release of leukotrienes from mast cells
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11
Q

Montelukast

A
  • asthma
  • MOA: leukotriene receptor antagonist, prevents bronchoconstriction, anti-inflammatory
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12
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A
  • nasal decongestant
  • MOA: alpha 1 and alpha 2 (primarily direct acting), some beta effect
  • Side Effects: hypertension, CNS stimulation, insomnia
  • adrenergic agonist
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13
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • shock, nasal decongestant
  • MOA: alpha 1 direct agonist
  • Side Effects: hypertension
  • adrenergic agonist
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14
Q

Diphehydramine

A
  • allergic rhinitis, urticaria, other allergic reactions, motion sickness
  • MOA: first generation H-1 histamine receptor antagonist
  • Side Effects: sedation, anticholinergic side effects
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15
Q

Fexofenadine

A
  • allergic rhinitis, urticaria, other allergic reactions
  • MOA: second generation H-1 histamine receptor antagonist
  • Side Effects: none are common
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16
Q

Epoprostenol

A
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • MOA: selective pulmonary vasodilator
  • Side Effects: flushing, nausea, headache, jaw claudication, hypotension
17
Q

Bosentan

A
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • MOA: endothelin receptor antagonist
  • Side Effects: heptaotoxicity, teratogenicity
18
Q

Sildenafil

A
  • pulmonary hypertension, erectile dysfunction
  • MOA: phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor
  • Side Effects: interaction with nitrates (e.g. nitrogylcerin) causing hypotension
19
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • treatment of anaphylactic shock and CPR, other shock states 2nd line, local vasoconstriction with lidocaine, still available OTC for asthma
  • MOA: alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 direct agonist
  • Side Effects: tachycardia, hypertension
20
Q

Propanolol

A
  • hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmias
  • MOA: beta 1 and beta 2 competitive blocker (non selective)
  • Side Effects: bronchoconstriction (asthma), bradycardia, hypotension
  • adrenergic antagonist

Pulmonary (29 decks)

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