Drugs

Question 1

What is the classification of hypertension?

Answer 1

BP 140/90 (or 135/85 for home monitoring)

Question 2

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 2

Limits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting circulating ACE, thus resulting in a reduction in angiotensin II effects:

• vasodilation
• reduction in aldosterone release
• reduced ADH release
• reduced cell growth and proliferation

Question 3

What is the most common side effect of ACEi? Why does this happen?

Answer 3

Persistent dry cough

Bradykinin is a substrate for ACE, therefore with ACEi, there is increased concentrations of bradykinin.

Question 4

What drug classification is ramipril?

Answer 4

ACEi

Question 5

State the 2 main MOAs for GLP-1 agonists.

Answer 5

1. Increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion
2. Decreases gastric emptying

Question 6

What drug classification is metformin?

Answer 6

Biguanide

Question 7

What is the MOA of metformin?

Answer 7

Reduces hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).

Question 8

What is a prodrug?

Answer 8

A drug that only becomes active once metabolised by the liver.

Question 9

What is the MOA of ezetimibe?

Answer 9

It’s a cholesterol absorption inhibitor - acts at the brush border of small intestine mucosa to inhibit NCPC1L1 transporter and reduce absorption of cholesterol by the gut.

Question 10

What is the MOA of fibrates?

Answer 10

Activates nuclear transcription factor PPARa, which regulates expression of lipoprotein lipase gene.