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CPT > Common Drug Names > Flashcards

Common Drug Names Flashcards

1
Q

Ramipril?

A

ACEi

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2
Q

Iosartan?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

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3
Q

Amlodipine?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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4
Q

Simvastatin?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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5
Q

Verapamil?

A

Phenylalkylamine

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6
Q

Bisoprolol?

A

Beta blocker/Beta-adrenoceptor antagonist

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7
Q

Diltiazem?

A

Benzothiazapine

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8
Q

Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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9
Q

Indapamide?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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10
Q

Doxazosin?

A

Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist

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11
Q

Amiloride?

A

K+ sparing diuretic, acts on DCT

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12
Q

Labetalol?

A

Reduces sympathetic outflow

Can be given during pregnancy

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13
Q

Spironolactone?

A

Mineralocorticoid/aldosterone receptor antagonist

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14
Q

What is Hyoscine hydrobromide often used for?

A

Antiemetic, useful for motion sickness as acts on the vestibular nuclei in the inner ear.

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15
Q

What is ondansetron?

A

5HT3/serotonin receptor antagonist, used as an antiemetic

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16
Q

Metacloperamide, domperidone?

A

D2 receptor antagonists/antiemetic

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17
Q

What are cyclizine and promethazine used for? What is their drug classification?

A

Antiemetics - H1 receptor antagonists

18
Q

Side effects of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

It is a mAChr antagonist, therefore blocks parasympathetic action, side effects: dry mouth and constipation, memory problems, sedation, glaucoma.

19
Q

Why is hyoscine hydrobromide useful for people who can’t take tablets?

A

It comes in patch form.

20
Q

What are the side effects of the antiemetic ondansetron?

A

Constipation, headache, elevated liver enzymes, long QT syndrome, extra-pyramidal effects

21
Q

What is ileus?

A

When the gut is paralysed and normal peristalsis is lost, often occurs after bowel surgery.

22
Q

Name a drug that would be useful to treat ileus.

A

A D2 receptor antagonist e.g. Metacloperamide

23
Q

What is the MOA of D2 antagonists metacloperamide and domperidone?

A

Increases gut motility - by increasing tone at oesophageal sphincter and stomach, and decreasing tone at pyloric sphincter.

24
Q

What drug classification is halperidol? Why is it usefu for chemotherapy and palliative care?

A

D2 receptor antagonist acting on CTZ.

Because it is slightly sedative so can relax patients.

25
Q

Name some side effects of cannabinoids such as nabilone?

A

Dizziness and drowsiness.

26
Q

What is the MOA of neurokinin 1 antagonists?

A

Prevents action of substance P at neurokinin 1 receptors.

27
Q

In any of the common gut problems e.g. GORD, IBD, obstruction, what is your set antiemetic treatment?

A

Ondansetron and/or cyclizine

Then add dexamethasone

28
Q

What is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

Severe case of morning sickness where patients also have dehydration, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance or urinary ketones.

29
Q

What cause hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

Rapid rise in beta hcg. Therefore it’s worse in multiple pregnancies.

30
Q

What is the set antiemetic treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

Promethazine or prochlorperazine.
Then add metacloperamide.
Then add ondansetron.

31
Q

What is the set treatment of antiemetics given for chemotherapy?

A

Dexamethasone (and ondansetron if severe)

For rescue, metacloperamide.

32
Q

What is the set antiemetic treatment for post-operative nausea and vomiting?

A

Pick 1, 2 or more antiemetics (any) depending on severity

33
Q

What are loperamide, codeine and morphine used for? What drug class are they?

A

Antidiarrhoeals, opiod receptor agonists.

34
Q

As well as being pain relievers, what can morphine and codeine help treat?

A

Antidiarrhoeals.

35
Q

What is paralytic ileus? Name a drug that could cause this.

A

Constipation due to gut contents being slowed down too much.

Could be caused by antidiarrhoeals such as loperamide, codeine or morphine.

36
Q

What is the difference between MOA for lactulose and macrogols? (Both osmotic laxatives).

A

Lactulose osmotically draws fluid into the gut.

Macrogols e.g. Movicol keeps original fluid in the gut.

37
Q

What is the MOA of stimulant laxatives?

A

Increase intestinal motility, helping to reduce constipation.

38
Q

What is the MOA of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

A

Irreversibly inactivate the H+K+ATPase/proton pump in parietal cells in the stomach.

39
Q

What type of drugs are omeprazole and lansoprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitors.

40
Q

How do alginates e.g. Gaviscon work?

A

Form a viscous layer over exposed mucosa (e.g. Due to an ulcer), so that acid can’t get in.

41
Q

Why do PPIs take a few days to become effective?

A

Can only inhibit proton pumps when they’re in the active state, therefore have to wait for all the pumps to become active.

42
Q

Is PPI action reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible - once treatment is stopped, takes a few days for acid secretion to return to normal as you need to re-synthesise pumps.

CPT (24 decks)

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