Drugs

Question 1

Atorvastatin

Answer 1

statin for lowering cholesterol

Question 2

adcal D3

Answer 2

calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
Mechanism of action:
vitamin D3 is needed for calcium and phosphate regulation

Question 3

alendronate

Answer 3

alendronic acid is used for patients with osteoporosis

Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone reabsorption

Question 4

Rivoxaban

Answer 4

Anticoagulant drug used to prevent stroke etc. Often used in patients with AF
Mechanism:
Works by inhibiting both free and bound factor Xa

Question 5

Tamulosin

Answer 5

Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by relaxing the bladder sphincter to make passing urine easier
Mechanism of action:
alpha blocker

Question 6

Gliclazide

Answer 6

Diabetic medication
Mechanism of action:
Increases the release of insulin

Question 7

Gliclazide

Answer 7

Diabetic medication
Mechanism of action:
Increases the release of insulin

Question 8

Montelukast

Answer 8

Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for treatment of asthma

Question 9

omeprazole/lansoprazole

Answer 9

proton pump inhibitors used for the treatment of Gord and peptic ulcers

Question 10

Cinnarizine

Answer 10

usually prescribed for nausea and vomiting and works by being a calcium channel blocker in the brain

Question 11

Digoxin

Answer 11

Cardiac glycoside increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the AV node. For arrhythmias, controlling HF in sinus rhythm and AF or flutter.

Question 12

Ezetimibe

Answer 12

Used for hypercholesterolaemia with a statin

Question 13

Aspirin

Answer 13

Antiplatelet. Indication- CVD secondary prevention, management of unstable angina and non ST elevation MI and management of STEMI, transient ischaemia attack, ischaemia stroke

Question 14

Bisoprolol

Answer 14

Hypertension and angina, adjunct in HF

Question 15

Clopidogrel

Answer 15

Prevention of atherothrombotic events in percutaneous coronary intervention. reduce the rate of MI and stroke in patients with: non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina/non-ST-elevation MI) or acute ST-elevation MI; history of recent MI, recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease

Question 16

Furosemide

Answer 16

Loop diuretic inhibits absorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the renal tubule

Question 17

Class 1 antiarrhythmics

Answer 17

Sodium channel blockers by binding to sites on the alpha subunits: Quinidine, lidocaine, flecainide, propranolol, amiodarone

Question 18

Class 2 antiarrhythmics

Answer 18

Beta adrenoceptor antagonists eg. Metoprolol

Question 19

Class 3 antiarrhythmics

Answer 19

Amiodarone and sotalol, block some of the potassium channels involved in repolarisation so increases the refractory period.

Question 20

Class 4 antiarrhythmics

Answer 20

Voltage sensitive calcium channel blockers (L type channels). Such as verapamil.

Question 21

What percentage of penicillin allergic patients are allergic to cephlasporins?

Answer 21

0.5%

Question 22

What advice should be given to patients when taking alendronic acid?

Answer 22

Should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30 mins before breakfast
Should remain standing or sitting upright for at least 30 mins after taken
Should have regular dental checkups for osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by bisphophoates
bisphosphonates cause constipation