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Wilderness > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Sildenafil

A

General Usage(s): ED - also pulm HTN

Class/Mechanism: PDE-5 inhbitor (dec breakdown of cAMP –> increased vasodilation)

Dosage: for ED – 25 to 100 mg PO OD 1 hour prior to sex

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Beware Nitro & protease inhibitors. Enhances effect of Alpha-1 blocker. Cyp450 metabolite. Headache, flushing

Notes:

Brand name: Viagra

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2
Q

Acetominophen

A

General Usage(s): Pain/fever

Class/Mechanism: Analgesic, nonspecific blockage of COX

Dosage: 
325-650 mg PO/PR q 4-6 hrs
1000 mg PO q 6 hrs
1300 mg PO Q 8 hrs (ER)
12.5mg/kg q 4 OR 15mg/kg q6 IV (up to oral dose)

Peds: 10-15 mg/kg Po q 4-6hrs
MAX 4000 mg daily

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Minor Cyp450 metabolite. Caution with alcoholics.

Notes: Extend dosing for renal impairment

Brand name: Tylenol

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3
Q

Acetazolaminde

A

General Usage(s): Altitude sickness, edema, metabolic alkalosis, eplipesy?

Class/Mechanism: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (secretes bicarb and sodium intro urine)

Dosage:
Altitude Prevention - 125 mg PO BID; beginning day before ascent, con’t x stable altitude 2-3 days. In rapid ascent 1,000 mg/day (consider adding dexamethasone)

Altitude Treatment: 250 mg PO BID. May be used adjunctively for HACE

Edema: 250-375 mg PO/IV OD

Metabolic acidosis: 500 mg IV

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Drowsiness, metabolic acidosis

Notes:

Brand name: Diamox

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4
Q

Amoxicillin Clavulinate

A

General Usage(s): mostly G +ve Infection (LRTI, COPD, Sinusitis, bites, erysipelas, pylo, abscess, diabetic foot)

Class/Mechanism: B-lactam abx with lactamase inhibitor

Dosage: (based om amoxil dose)
250-500 mg PO q8
875 mg PO q12
2000 mg PO q 12 ER - Sinus/CAP

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Diarrhea

Notes: Beware PCN allergy

Brand name: Amoxi-Clav, Augmentin (IE)

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5
Q

ASA

A

General Usage(s): ACS, CVD prevention

Class/Mechanism: Non-specific COX inhibitor, highly plasma bound

Dosage: 
ACS: 162-325 mg PO chewed
Prevention - 81 mg PO OD
Pain/fever: 325-1000 mg PO Q4-6 hrs
MAX 4 g per day

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Do not use in children <12 years, and adolescents w chickenpox or flu due to Reye’s syndrome

Notes: Tinnitus characteristic of overdose (nausea, abdo pain, tachypnea). treated with sodium bicarb to alkalize blood and urine. Acetazolamide worsens cerebral effects

Brand name:

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6
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin

A

General Usage(s): Anticoagulation, DVT/MI

Class/Mechanism: Activates Antithrombin - inhibitis Xa and thrombin (unfractioned only)

Dosage: UF 80 units/kg; followed by 18 units/kg/hour IV
LMWH: DVT - 1 mg/kg SQ q 12 hours (100 U/mg)
ACS: <75 years of age: Initial: 30 mg IV single bolus + 1 mg/kg (max: 100 mg for the first 2 doses only) SubQ repeat q12 hrs

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: HIT, bleeding, inc transaminases.

Notes:Monitor with PTT.
LMWH: renally cleared, more consistant dosing, longer duration.
UF: no renal clearance,
Reversed with protamine - less effective for LMW

Brand name: Heparin/Lovenox

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7
Q

Azithromycin

A

General Usage(s): Infections (COPD, OM, Sinus, PID, tonsilitis, CAP, staph/strep skin, urethritis/cervicitis. gonorrhea

Class/Mechanism: Macrolinde, Inhibits 50S subunit

Dosage: 500 mg PO once, then 250 mg PO OD x 4 days

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Loose stool, vomitting, nausea. Minor Cyp 450 substrate

Notes:

Brand name: Zithromax

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8
Q

Diazepam/lorazepam/midazolam

A

General Usage(s): Anxiety/insomnia, Muscle spasm, Status epilept, DT Withdrawal

Diaz 48 hrs
Loraz 12 hrs
Midaz 3 hrs

Class/Mechanism: Benzo (potentiates GABA-r)

Dosage:
Diaz
Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily
Spasm: Anxiety or 5-10 mg IV/IM, repeat 3-4 hrs
SE: 0.15 to 0.2 mg/kg (Max 10 mg) Repeat x1 5-10 mins

Loraz
Anxiety: 1-3 mg PO 2-3 times daily
Insomnia: 0.502 mg PO qhs
Agitation: 0.5-3 mg PO/IM/IV q 30-60 mins
SE: 0.1 mg/kg IV (max 2 mg/min, 4 mg total). Repeat 5-10 mins

Midaz
Sedation: 0.07 mg/kg IM 30-60 mins prior (typical 5 mg) - 1-2.5 mg IV over 2 mins
SE: 0.2 mg/kg IM (max 10 mg). Repeat 5-10 mins

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Sedation, dizziness, amnesia, paradoxical rxns

Notes:

Brand name: Loraz (Ativan)

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9
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

General Usage(s): N/HB/U/D

Class/Mechanism: Antisecetory agent

Dosage: 525 mg PO q 30-60 mins (max 4200 mg, max 2 days)

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes: Contains salicylates (8.7 mg/ml) - 305mg per 525 mg

Brand name: Pepto Bismol

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10
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

General Usage(s): Infection (Bites, gonorrhea, spetic arthritis/osteo, GU, endocarditis, pylo

Class/Mechanism: 3rd gen cephalasporin

Dosage: 1-2 g IV/IM q 12-24 hrs

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Don’t use with Ringer’s/Ca or Aminoglycosides. Increases Warfarin activity. Vaccines ineffective.

Notes: Beware PCN allergy

Brand name: Rocephin

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11
Q

Cephalexin

A

General Usage(s): Infection (Skin, UTI, Strep URTI/LRTI, osteo)

Class/Mechanism: 1st gen cephalasporin

Dosage: 250-500 mg PO q 6 hrs

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: GI distress, rash.Increases warfarin/metformin activity

Notes: Beware PCN allergy

Brand name: Keflex

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12
Q

Dexamethasone

A

General Usage(s): Anti-inflammatory

Class/Mechanism: Systemic corticosteroid

Dosage:
Adrenal Crisis 5-10 mg IV single dose
Anti-inflam: 0.5-9 mg PO daily
Large joint: 2-4 mg IA q 3-21 days
Small joint 0,5-1 mg IA q 3-21 days
Altitude sickness: 4 mg PO Q 12 hrs starting day of ascent x 2-3 days (max 10 d)
HACE: 8 mg PO/IM/IV followed by 4 mg q 6 hours prn
Pediatric asthma/croup: 0.6 mg/kg PO/IM/IV daily (max 16 mg) x max 2 days

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

General Usage(s): Infection (Bites, MRSA cellulitis, chlamydia, CAP, cholera,

Class/Mechanism: Tetracycline

Dosage: 100 mg PO/IV BID

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

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14
Q

Epinepherine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism: alpha/beta agonist

Dosage:
Anaphylaxis/severe asthma 0.3 -0.5 mg IM (1mg/ml)
Peds 0.15 mg OR 0.01 mg/kg (0.15mg autoimjector for kids under 15kg)

Cardiac arrest 1 mg IV/IO (0.1mg/ml)
2-25 mg diluted in 10cc saline for ETT

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

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15
Q

Etomidate

A

General Usage(s): GA/procedural sedation

Class/Mechanism: General anesthetic

Dosage:
GA: 0.2-0.6 mg/kg IV over 30-60 seconds
Procedural sedation: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV followed by 0.05 mg/kg q 5 mins prn

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: Myoclonus, N/V upon emergence from anesthesia, adrenal supression

Notes:

Brand name:

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16
Q

Fentanyl

A

General Usage(s): Analgesia

Class/Mechanism: Opioid

Dosage:
Pain: 0.35 to 0.5 mcg/kg IV q 30-60 mins
Adjunct to GA/sedation 1-4 mcg/kg IV

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

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17
Q

Fluconazole

A

General Usage(s): Fungal infections

Class/Mechanism: Azole antifungal

Dosage:
Thrush:200 mg PO daily x 2-4 weeks
Vaginal: 150 gm PO, may repeat q 24-72 hours for up to 3 doses.

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: CNS effects, hepatotoxicity, skin reactions

Notes: May prolong QTc, CYP450 inhibitor

Brand name: Diflucan

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18
Q

Ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin

A

General Usage(s): Antibiotic (Bone/joint, bites, diabetic foot, dtravellers diarrhea, UTI)

Class/Mechanism: Flruroquinolone

Dosage:
UTI: 250-500 mg PO q 12 hrs x 3 days (7-14 complicated) - OD for Levo
Other: 500-750 mg mg PO BID (Cipro) 500 mg PO OD Levo

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name: Cipro/levaquin

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19
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate

A

General Usage(s): Angina

Class/Mechanism: Vasodilator

Dosage:
Angina: 1-2 sprays under tongue q 5 mins (max 3~)
Prophylaxis: 5-10 mins prior to activity

Common side effects/precautions/interactions: PDE-5 inhibitors

Notes:

Brand name:

20
Q

Glucagon

A

General Usage(s): Hypoglycemia

Class/Mechanism: Induces glucose release, breakdown of glycogen

Dosage: 1 mg IM/IV/SubQ q 15 mins as needed

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

21
Q

Dimenhydriante

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

22
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

25-50 mg PO q 4-6 hrs

23
Q

Ranitidine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

24
Q

Insulin

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

25
Q

KEatmine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

26
Q

Loperamide

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

27
Q

Metoclopramide

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

28
Q

Metronidazole

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

29
Q

Morphine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

30
Q

Naloxone

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

31
Q

Nifedipine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

32
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

33
Q

Ibuprofen

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

34
Q

Naproxen

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

35
Q

Ondansetron

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

36
Q

Pantoprazole/omerazole

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

37
Q

Prednisone

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

Asthma/anaphylaxis follow-up: 1mg/kg (40-60 adult 20 child)

38
Q

Promethazine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

39
Q

Rocuronium

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

40
Q

Salbutamol

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

Emergent asthma 6-10 puffs 3x per hour

41
Q

Succinylcholine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

42
Q

Terbinafine

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

43
Q

Tranexamic acid

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

44
Q

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name:

45
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

General Usage(s): muscle relaxant

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:
5-10 mg PO TID
15-30 mg PO OD (ER)

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name: flexeril

46
Q

Clotrimazole

A

General Usage(s): Topical antifungal

Class/Mechanism: Imidazole antifungal

Dosage:
Cutaneous: apply to skin BID (up to 2 weeks)
Vulvovaginal: Apply 1 applicator full intravaginally 1% x 7 days or 2% x 3 days (may continue additional 7 days externally)

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name: Canesten

47
Q

Clarithromycin

A

General Usage(s):

Class/Mechanism:

Dosage:

Common side effects/precautions/interactions:

Notes:

Brand name: Biaxin

Wilderness (2 decks)

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