Drugs Flashcards
Doxorubicin
Anthracycline, cytotoxic antibiotic
Irreversible cardiomyopathy High emetogenicity Alopecia Orange discolouration of urine Radiation recall
Bleomycin
Cytotoxic antibiotic
Pulmonary fibrosis
Oxygen toxicity
Capped cumulative lifetime dose
Used in testicular germ cell cancer regimens
Docetaxel
Taxane
Fluid retention
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypersensitivity reaction
Paclitaxel
Taxane
Peripheral neuropathy Myalgias Nail changes Skin rash Pneumonitis
Pemetrexed
Folate antimetabolite
Skin rash
Myelosuppression
Premedicate with Vitamin B12 and folic acid
Used in mesothelioma
Methotrexate
Folate antimetabolite
Nephrotoxicity
Fluid retention due to excess fluid loading required to prevent precipitation in kidneys
Folinic acid rescue is used to prevent side effects
Gemcitabine
Antimetabolite - nucleoside analog
Pneumonitis
5-Fluorouracil
Anti-metabolite - pyrimidine analog
Diarrhoea
Coronary artery spasm
Hand and foot syndrome (plantar-palmar erythrodyesthesia or PPE)
Mucositis
Deficiency in DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) enzyme prediposes to increased toxicity
Capecitabine
Prodrug of 5-FU
Diarrhoea
Coronary artery spasm
PPE
Mucositis
Carboplatin
Platinum alkylating agent
Hypersensitivity Myelosuppression (dose limiting)
Dosed on AUC
Cisplatin
Platinum alklyating agent
High emetogenicity Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Peripheral neuropathy Electrolyte wasting (K, Mg)
Oxaliplatin
Platinum
Cold dysasthsia - sensitivity and spasm to cold exposure
Hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis
Irinotecan
Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor
Bowel spasm
Cholinergic reaction - diarrhoea, flushing, abdo cramps, hypersalivation, sweating
Can pre-medicate with atropine
Etoposide
Topoisomerase 2 inhibitor
Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agent
Haemorrhagic cystitis AML Bladder cancer Infertility Fanconi syndrome
Dacarbazine
Alkylating agent
High emetogenicity
Temozolmide
Alkylating agent
Cerebral oedema
Tamoxifen
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Hot flushes
Increased risk of endometrial cancer
Increased VTE risk
Glaucoma
Anastrozole/Letrozole/Exemestane
Aromatase inhibitors (non steroidal and steroidal)
Arthralgia
Osteoporosis
Hot flushes
Vaginal dryness
Bicalutamide/Flutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist
Gynaecomastia
Breast pain
Hot flushes
Reduced libido
Goserelin/Leuprorelin
GnRH agonist
Initial tumour flare - bone pain
Reduced bone mineral density
Hot flushes
Decreased libido
Abiraterone
Androgen synthesis inhibitor
Hypertension
Hypokalaemia
Fluid retention
ADRs due to mineralocorticoid excess which is reduced by giving concomitant steroids
Imatanib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Used in GIST and CML
Fluid retention
Lapatanib
Dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (HER2 and EGFR)
Used in metastatic HER2 positive breast ca
Diarrhoea
Interstitial lung disease
Sunitinib/Pazopanib
Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Used in metastatic clear cell renal cancer
Hypertension Bleeding Impaired wound healing Thromboembolism Yellow skin discolouration PPE
Erlotinib/Gefitinib
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Used in EGFR mutant lung cancer
Acneiform rash
Diarrhoea
Pneumonitis
Crizotinib
ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Used in ALK mutant lung cancer
Sinus bradycardia
Visual disturbance
Pneumonitis
Diarrhoea
Dabrafenib/Trametinib
Dabrafenib - BRAF inhibitor
Trametinib - MEK inhibitor
Used in BRAF mutant melanoma
Non infectious fevers
Skin SCCs and hyperkeratosis
Ocular toxicity
Trastuzumab
Monoclonal antibody against HER2
Used in HER2 positive breast ca
Reversible cardiomyopathy
Flu like symptoms
Hypersensitivity reactions
Pertuzumab
Monoclonal antibody preventing dimerization of HER2
Used in metastatic HER2 positive breast ca
Reversible cardiomyopathy
Hypersensitivity reaction
Cetuximab/Panitunumab
Monoclonal antibody against EGFR
Used in KRAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer
Hypersensitivity
Rash
Trastuzumab + emtansine (TDM1)
Monoclonal antibody against HER2 linked to a microtubule inhibitor
Used in metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer (2nd line)
Reversible cardiomyopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Rituximab
Monoclonal antibody against CD20
Used in non Hodgkins lymphoma
Flu like symptoms
Hypersensitivity
Rarely associated with PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Bevacizumab
Monoclonal antibody against VEGF
Haemorrhage Thromboembolism Wound healing Hypertension Proteinuria
Ipilimumab
Monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4
Used in metastatic melanoma
Immune side effects: Colitis Endocrinopathy - hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency Rash, TEN Hepatotoxicity Neuro - GBS, myasthenia
Pembrolizumab/Nivolumab
Monoclonal antibody against PD1
Used in metastatic melanoma
Immune side effects: Pneumonitis Colitis Nephritis Endocrinopathy Hepatitis
