Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
acyclovir: max dose?
A
20mg/kg Q8’
2
Q
cefepime: S/E?
A
phlebitis, bone marrow suppresion
3
Q
Leucovorin indications?
A
methotrexate antidote, flourouracil adjunct
4
Q
methotrexate dilution precaution?
A
must be preservative free
5
Q
methotrexate filter?
A
0.2 micron
6
Q
methotrexate toxicity antidote?
A
Leucovorin
7
Q
amphotericin B dilutive?
A
D5W only
8
Q
amphotericin B S/E?
A
fever, chills, anorexia, convulsions, diarrhea, H/A, phlebitis,
9
Q
asparaginase precautions?
A
cytotoxic,
10
Q
asparaginase S/E
A
thrombosis, pancreatitis
11
Q
arsenic trioxide vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
A
nonvesicant
12
Q
arsenic trioxide considerations?
A
a human carcinogen, ECG before Tx.
13
Q
asparaginase vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant
A
nonvesicant
14
Q
asparaginase S/E in children?
A
pancreatitis
15
Q
asparaginase considerations?
A
intradermal test dose, ALS equipment
16
Q
azacytidine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
A
nonvesicant
17
Q
azacytidine S/E
A
injection site irritation
18
Q
azacytidine considerations?
A
give within one hour of reconstitution
19
Q
bendamustine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
A
nonvesicant
20
Q
bendamustine S/E?
A
myelosuppression, severe skin reactions
21
Q
bleomycin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
A
irritant
22
Q
bleomycin dose?
A
10-20 units/m2
23
Q
bleomycin lifetime cumulative dose?
A
400 units
24
Q
bleomycin considerations?
A
test dose, pulmonary function test before each cycle.
25
bleomycin S/E?
hyperpigmentation, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis
26
carboplatin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
27
amphotericin B filter size?
1.0 microns or larger
28
Carmustine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
29
Carmustine considerations?
thrombocytopenia is dose limiting, rapid infusion may cause burning along vein and skin to flush
30
Cisplatin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant, vesicant if concentrated
31
Cisplatin considerations?
adequate hydration before and after.
32
Cisplatin S/E?
severe N/V, renal impairment, myelosuppresion, tinnitus
33
ganciclovir and related (cidofovir, foscarnet) considerations?
infuse over at least 1 hour, hydration
34
cyclophosphamide vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
35
cyclophosphamide considerations?
hydration, void often to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
36
cytarabine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
37
cytarabine considerations?
steroid eye drops to prevent conjunctivitis, hydration
38
dacarbazine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
39
dacarbazine S/E
severe N/V, alopecia, photosensitivity
40
dacarbazine considerations?
prevent phlebitis, avoid sun, protect solution from light.
41
alkalize urine with?
methotrexate
42
Most common electrolyte imbalance with cisplatin?
hypo magnesium
43
dactinomycin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
44
dactinomycin S/E?
radiation recall
45
daunorubicin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
46
daunorubicin S/E
radiation recall
47
daunorubicin considerations?
check cardiac ejection fraction, urine will look reddish
48
daunorubicin maximum cumulative dose?
550 mg/m2
49
decitabine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
50
decitabine considerations?
use within 15 minutes of reconstitution
51
docetaxel vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
52
docetaxel S/E
hyperlacrimation
53
docetaxel considerations?
give dexamethasone 3 days starting at 1 day before first dose, use non PVC sets
54
doxorubicin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
55
doxorubicin S/E?
hyperpigmentation of nail bed, radiation recall, flare reaction
56
doxorubicin considerations?
MUGA scan (ejection), red urine,
57
doxorubicin lifetime dose?
550mg/m2
58
etopside considerations?
monitor for hypotension, drug my crystallize during infusion
59
fluorouracil vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
60
fluorouracil S/E?
darkened veins, photosensitivity, cerebellar ataxia, photophobia
61
fluorouracil considerations?
avoid sun exposure, may increase warfarin effect
62
gemcitabine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
63
gemcitabine considerations?
give before cisplatin and after paclitaxel
64
hydroxyurea vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
65
hydroxyurea indications?
sickle cell, radiosensitizer
66
hydroxyurea considerations?
crosses blood-brain barrier, may cause tumor lysis syndrome
67
tumor lysis syndrome definition?
A potentially lethal complication of anticancer treatment,[11] tumor lysis syndrome occurs when large numbers of neoplastic cells are killed rapidly, leading to the release of intracellular ions and metabolic byproducts into the systemic circulation. Clinically, the syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperuricemia,[12] hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and acute renal failure. (See Pathophysiology, Etiology, Prognosis, Presentation, and Workup.)[13]
68
tumor lysis syndrome treatment?
allopurinol
69
natural penicillins (PCN G) indication?
penicillin sensitive organisms (meningitis, endocarditis)
70
natural penicillins (PCN G) considerations?
monitor electrolyte balance, phlebigenic
71
ampicillin considerations?
may deactivate in dextrose solutions
72
nafcillin indications?
penicillinase producing staph.
73
nafcillin considerations?
vesicant, monitor renal and liver
74
epirubicin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
75
epirubicin considerations?
administer through injection port of free flowing IV, urine will be pink-red for 1-2 days post
76
etopside vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
77
etopside considerations?
orthostatic hypotension if infused ,15", monitor for drug crystallization
78
fludarabine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
79
fludarabine considerations?
for blood transfusions use irradiated blood products
80
ifosfamide vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
81
ifosfamide considerations?
pt. needs 2L of fluid, always give with mesna to protect bladder
82
irinotecan vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
83
irinotecan major S/E?
diarrhea, treat with atropine
84
ixabepilone vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
85
ixabepilone considerations?
DEHP free tubing, 0.2-1.2 micron filter, premedicate with diphenhydramine and H2 antagonist
86
leucovorin max infusion rate?
160 ml/hr
87
mechlorethamine (Mustargen) vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
88
mechlorethamine (Mustargen) considerations?
15" stability
89
mesna S/E?
taste alterations
90
methotrexate considerations?
avoid folic acid
91
streptozozin vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
92
streptozozin considerations?
hydration, monitor for proteinuria, infuse slowly
93
thiotepa vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
nonvesicant
94
thiotepa considerations?
may cause sterility, pain at infusion site
95
topotecan vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
irritant
96
vinblastine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
97
vinblastine considerations?
avoid grapefruit
98
vincristine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
99
vincristine considerations?
prolonged administration may cause ataxia, foot and wrist drop, muscle atrophy
100
vinorelbine vesicant/nonvesicant/irritant?
vesicant
125
filter size for mannitol?
170 microns
126
cephalosporins major S/E?
itching, rash, nephrotoxicity, leukopenia, nausea, pain at insertion site
127
carbapenems major S/E?
nausea, diarrhea, colitis, seizures, rash, puritis
128
aminoglycosides major S/E?
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rash
129
tetracyclines S/E?
photosensitive
130
macrolides (erythromycin) S/E?
abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, itching and pain along the vein
131
quinolones (Cipro) S/E?
phlebitis, photosensitive
132
chloramphenicol S/E?
aplastic anemia, optic neuritis, granulocytopenia, bone marrow suppresion, gray syndrome (neonates)
133
daptomycin S/E?
rhabdomyolysis, eosinophilic pneumonia
134
daptomycin considerations?
monitor creatine kinase weekly
135
linezolid (Zyvox) S/E?
myelosuppresion, neuropathy, lactic acidosis, serotonin syndrome
136
rifampin indications?
TB
137
rifampin S/E?
hepatotoxicity, flu-like symptoms, flushing, puritis, red-orange body fluids.
