Drugs

Question 1

Weak acids use what mechanism for excretion?

Answer 1

PAH: a ketoglutarate

Question 2

What happens if Urate accumulates?

Answer 2

Gout (balance between secretion and absorption)

Question 3

What is the export transporter for weak bases?

Answer 3

OCTN1/2

Question 4

What is urinary alkalisation

Answer 4

Deprotanation of weak acids and so the anions can’t cross the membrane and so trapped to be excreted in urine.

Question 5

Give examples that cause urinary alkalisation?

Answer 5

Acetazolamide, Bicarbonate, Citrate

Question 6

What happens to the half life of drugs in renal failure?

Answer 6

Longer: the dose needs to be reduced or frequency of dose.

Question 7

What are two properties of renal failure?

Answer 7

Hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia

Question 8

How does Lithium cause toxicity?

Answer 8

Transported into CD cells via ENaC but can’t get out by NaK pump and so accumulates. Can decreased expression of AQP2

Question 9

What are diuretics primary function?

Answer 9

Increase salt loss by increasing urine production

Question 10

What does Acetazoloamide do?

Answer 10

Block CA in lumen and intracellularly; No H+

Question 11

What do loop diuretics such as Furosemide block?

Answer 11

NKCC2/BSC1

Question 12

What do thiazide diuretics block?

Answer 12

Inhibit TSC1/NCCl in the Distal CT

Question 13

What is a disadvantage over most diuretics?

Answer 13

Increase K secretion in CD and so becomes hypokalaemic.

Question 14

What do K-sparing diuretics such as Amiloride block?

Answer 14

ENaC and so stop driving force for K secretion.