Drugs Flashcards
Morphine
Binds to mu opiate receptor in CNS inhibits GABA inhibitory neurones, decreases inhibition of descending pain inhibition pathway
Semisodium Valproate
Dissociates to valproate ion, inhibits GABA transaminase, GABA concentration increases, block bola tags gated sodium channels, suppresses neuronal firing
Ibuprofen
NSAID, non-selective inhibitor of COX-2, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Codeine
Demethylated to morphine, agonist at mu opioid receptor l, inhibit ad emulate Cyclades and inhibits nociceptive neurotransmitter release, closes N type Ca channel and open K channels, causes hyperpolarisation and reduced excitability
Paracetamol
Indirectly inhibits COX-1 COX-2 and perhaps COX-3 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Gabapentin
Used with neuropathic pain increases synaptic GABA concentration, reduces neurotrasmitter release
Naltrexone
Blocks mu opiate receptor reduces DA activity, reduces craving in addiction
Aspirin
Inhibits COX reducing platelet aggregation, stops blood coagulation
Statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, blocks cholesterol synthesis
Diazepam
Used in anxiety. Positive allosteric modulator at the GABA A receptor, non specifically binds to benzodiazeine receptors coupled with GABA-A receptors, enhances receptors affinity for GABA, hyperpolarisation, lower neuronal firing
Mirtazapine
Used in anxiety. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSa)
Pregabalin
Anticonvulsant used in anxiety, binds, alpha2delta subunit of voltage gated NA channels in CNS decreases excitatory neurotransmitter release.
Buspirone
Usedin anxiety, 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, delayed action
Methylprenisolone
Used in MS, Glucocorticoid, binds to specific cytoplasmic receptors, modifies protein synthesis and transcription, supresses humoral immune response, also acts on phoospholipase A2 inhibitors, reduces biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators
B interferon
Used in MS. Injections, causes down regulation of interferon Y and increases activity of suppressor T cells
Natalizumab
Used in MS Monoclonal antibody, inhibits adhesion, immune cells cannot cross blood brain barier
Reseprine
VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter) blocker prevents neurotransmitter release, the neurotransmitter release, neurotransmitters are broken down causing long term depletion, causes depression, used to treat moderate to mild hypertension
Mirtazapine
Antidepressant. Adrenergic a2 receptor antagonist, blocks negative feedback that reduces NA release, more NA release and subsequently more 5-HT release
Venlafaxine
Antidepressant. SNRI has active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, inhibits reuptake of 5HT and NE
Tricyclic antidepressant
Block serotonin reuptake transporter and noradrenaline reuptake transporters, 5HT and NE accumulate in synapse.
Sertraline
Antidepressant SSRI
L-DOPA
Precursor in biosynthetic pathway of dopamine , increases dopamine concentration in substansia niagra
Bensarazide
DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents conversion of L-DOPPA to dopamine in the periphery
Selegiline
MOA-B (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, increases dopamine levels, used as adjunctant to L-DOPA
Risperidone
Antipsychotic strong D2 antagonist
Olanzapine
Antipsychotic, Moderate D2 antagonist
Clozapine
Antipsychotic, Weak D2 antagonist
Propofol
Intravenous anaesthetic, induction and maintenance, posiive modlation of inhibitory function of GABA through GABA-A receptors
Atracurium
Anaethetic adjunct, Non depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant, antagonist at cholinerguc receptors on motor end plates inhibits acetylcholine action
Suxamethonium
Adjunct to anaesthetic, depolarising relaxant’ facilitates intubation, causes persistent depolarisation at neuromuscular junction
Isoflurane
Inhalation anaethetic, induction and maintenance, reduces junctional conductance, decreases gap junction channel opening times activates Ca deendent ATPase in SR
Fentanyl
Analgesic and adjunct to anaethetic,mu opioid agonist, inhibits neurotransmitter release, close N type Ca channels and open K channels causes hyperpolarisation
Neostigmine
Reverses the effects of muscle relaxants, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, acetylcholine levels build up, indirectly stimulates nicotonic and muscarinic receptors involved in muscle contraction
Glycopyrrolate
Preoperative antimuscarinic, reduces salivary and trancheobronchial secretions and blocks cardiac vagak inhibitory reflexes during anaesthesia induction, competitively bid to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits acetylcholine receptor inhibits acetylcholine action on smooth muscle
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic, elevates blood plasma osmolality, enhances flow of water from tissues in plasma and interstitial fluid reduces CSF volume, reduces ICP
