Drugs

Question 0

Morphine

Answer 0

Binds to mu opiate receptor in CNS inhibits GABA inhibitory neurones, decreases inhibition of descending pain inhibition pathway

Question 1

Semisodium Valproate

Answer 1

Dissociates to valproate ion, inhibits GABA transaminase, GABA concentration increases, block bola tags gated sodium channels, suppresses neuronal firing

Question 2

Ibuprofen

Answer 2

NSAID, non-selective inhibitor of COX-2, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 3

Codeine

Answer 3

Demethylated to morphine, agonist at mu opioid receptor l, inhibit ad emulate Cyclades and inhibits nociceptive neurotransmitter release, closes N type Ca channel and open K channels, causes hyperpolarisation and reduced excitability

Question 5

Paracetamol

Answer 5

Indirectly inhibits COX-1 COX-2 and perhaps COX-3 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 6

Gabapentin

Answer 6

Used with neuropathic pain increases synaptic GABA concentration, reduces neurotrasmitter release

Question 7

Naltrexone

Answer 7

Blocks mu opiate receptor reduces DA activity, reduces craving in addiction

Question 8

Aspirin

Answer 8

Inhibits COX reducing platelet aggregation, stops blood coagulation

Question 9

Statin

Answer 9

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, blocks cholesterol synthesis

Question 10

Diazepam

Answer 10

Used in anxiety. Positive allosteric modulator at the GABA A receptor, non specifically binds to benzodiazeine receptors coupled with GABA-A receptors, enhances receptors affinity for GABA, hyperpolarisation, lower neuronal firing

Question 11

Mirtazapine

Answer 11

Used in anxiety. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSa)

Question 12

Pregabalin

Answer 12

Anticonvulsant used in anxiety, binds, alpha2delta subunit of voltage gated NA channels in CNS decreases excitatory neurotransmitter release.

Question 13

Buspirone

Answer 13

Usedin anxiety, 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, delayed action

Question 14

Methylprenisolone

Answer 14

Used in MS, Glucocorticoid, binds to specific cytoplasmic receptors, modifies protein synthesis and transcription, supresses humoral immune response, also acts on phoospholipase A2 inhibitors, reduces biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators

Question 15

B interferon

Answer 15

Used in MS. Injections, causes down regulation of interferon Y and increases activity of suppressor T cells

Question 16

Natalizumab

Answer 16

Used in MS Monoclonal antibody, inhibits adhesion, immune cells cannot cross blood brain barier

Question 17

Reseprine

Answer 17

VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter) blocker prevents neurotransmitter release, the neurotransmitter release, neurotransmitters are broken down causing long term depletion, causes depression, used to treat moderate to mild hypertension

Question 18

Mirtazapine

Answer 18

Antidepressant. Adrenergic a2 receptor antagonist, blocks negative feedback that reduces NA release, more NA release and subsequently more 5-HT release

Question 19

Venlafaxine

Answer 19

Antidepressant. SNRI has active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, inhibits reuptake of 5HT and NE

Question 20

Tricyclic antidepressant

Answer 20

Block serotonin reuptake transporter and noradrenaline reuptake transporters, 5HT and NE accumulate in synapse.

Question 21

Sertraline

Answer 21

Antidepressant SSRI

Question 22

L-DOPA

Answer 22

Precursor in biosynthetic pathway of dopamine , increases dopamine concentration in substansia niagra

Question 23

Bensarazide

Answer 23

DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents conversion of L-DOPPA to dopamine in the periphery

Question 24

Selegiline

Answer 24

MOA-B (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, increases dopamine levels, used as adjunctant to L-DOPA

Question 25

Risperidone

Answer 25

Antipsychotic strong D2 antagonist

Question 26

Olanzapine

Answer 26

Antipsychotic, Moderate D2 antagonist

Question 27

Clozapine

Answer 27

Antipsychotic, Weak D2 antagonist

Question 28

Propofol

Answer 28

Intravenous anaesthetic, induction and maintenance, posiive modlation of inhibitory function of GABA through GABA-A receptors

Question 29

Atracurium

Answer 29

Anaethetic adjunct, Non depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant, antagonist at cholinerguc receptors on motor end plates inhibits acetylcholine action

Question 30

Suxamethonium

Answer 30

Adjunct to anaesthetic, depolarising relaxant’ facilitates intubation, causes persistent depolarisation at neuromuscular junction

Question 31

Isoflurane

Answer 31

Inhalation anaethetic, induction and maintenance, reduces junctional conductance, decreases gap junction channel opening times activates Ca deendent ATPase in SR

Question 32

Fentanyl

Answer 32

Analgesic and adjunct to anaethetic,mu opioid agonist, inhibits neurotransmitter release, close N type Ca channels and open K channels causes hyperpolarisation

Question 33

Neostigmine

Answer 33

Reverses the effects of muscle relaxants, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, acetylcholine levels build up, indirectly stimulates nicotonic and muscarinic receptors involved in muscle contraction

Question 34

Glycopyrrolate

Answer 34

Preoperative antimuscarinic, reduces salivary and trancheobronchial secretions and blocks cardiac vagak inhibitory reflexes during anaesthesia induction, competitively bid to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits acetylcholine receptor inhibits acetylcholine action on smooth muscle

Question 35

Mannitol

Answer 35

Osmotic diuretic, elevates blood plasma osmolality, enhances flow of water from tissues in plasma and interstitial fluid reduces CSF volume, reduces ICP