Drugs

Question 1

Tacrolimus mechanism
Binds to?
Side effects?

Answer 1

Calcineurin inhibitor so it cannot activate NFAT to produce IL2.

Nephrotoxic with NO gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism

Binds FKBP.

Question 2

Cyclosporine
Binds to?
Side effects?

Answer 2

Calcineurin inhibitor so it cannot activate NFAT to produce IL2. Nephrotoxic, with gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism.

Binds cyclophilin.

Question 3

Sirolimus

Binds to?

Answer 3

Blocks mTor so it cannot stimulate lymphocyte proliferation.

Also called rapamycin.

Question 4

Steroids
Binds to?
Side effects?

Answer 4

Block NFKB so it cannot stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. Side effects:

1) Central adiposity
2) Bone and muscle breakdown
3) Hyperglycemia
4) Psychosis and depression
5) Acne
6) HTN
7) Peptic ulcers

Question 5

Basiliximab

Binds to?

Answer 5

Blocks IL2R so it cannot stimulate lymphocyte proliferation via mTOr.

Question 6

Azathioprine

Answer 6

Precursor to 6MP which blocks PPRP enzyme which produces purines for DNA synthesis and replication.

Question 7

What is an immune suppressant and when do we use them?

Answer 7

Immunosuppressant inhibit the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes.

They are use din 1) transplant and 2) AI disease.

If used too long, they can cause:

1) infection
2) malignancy

Question 8

Epoetin alpha

Answer 8

EPO used for anemia 2/2 to renal disease

Question 9

TPO

Answer 9

TPO used for thrombocytopenia.

Question 10

Oprelvekin

Answer 10

IL-11. OprELEVEN. Thrombocytopenia.

Question 11

Filgrastim

Answer 11

G-CSF.

Question 12

Sargramostim

Answer 12

GM-CSF.

Question 13

Aldesleukin

Answer 13

(IL-2) Aldeslukin and Basiliximab.

1) RCC
2) Metastatic melanoma

Question 14

IFN-a

Answer 14

Antiviral (hepatitis, kaposi, herpes). Anti-tumor (Hairy cell leukemia, RCC, Metastatic melanoma).

IFN-a and IFN-b both are produced by infected cells to warn nearby cells of incoming viruses. Warned cells are primed with:

1) RNAase (chop up DNA)
2) Protein kinase (inhibit protein synthesis)

Question 15

IFN-B

Answer 15

Multiple sclerosis which is T cell mediated destruction of myelinated neurons in CNS.

IFN-a and IFN-b both are produced by infected cells to warn nearby cells of incoming viruses. Warned cells are primed with:

1) RNAase (chop up DNA)
2) Protein kinase (inhibit protein synthesis)

Question 16

IFN-y

Answer 16

Chronic granulomatous disease, 2/2 to NADPH oxidase deficiency.

Question 17

Alemtuzumab

Answer 17

CD52 blocker. Found on the surface of mature lymphocytes.

Alymtuzumb. Used for CLL.

Question 18

Bevacizumab

Answer 18

BevEGizumab.
Block VEGF.
1) Colorectal cancer
2) RCC.

Question 19

Cetuximab

Answer 19

Block EGFR.

1) Stage 4 colorectal cancer
2) Head and neck cancer.

Question 20

Rituximab

Answer 20

CD20 blocker (B cell marker)

Question 21

Trastuzumab

Answer 21

Trastwo. Her2/neu.

1) Breast cancer
2) Gastric cancer

Question 22

Inflixumab, Adalimumab

Answer 22

Blocks TNF-a. Inflix pain in da limbs.

1) PAI
2) RA

Question 23

Natalizumab

Answer 23

a4 integrin blocker, which assist in leukocyte adhesion.

1) MS
2) Crohn disease

Risk: PML in those with JC virus.

Question 24

Abciximab

Answer 24

GPIIBIIIa inhibtor in platelets. Used as anti-platelet during PCI.

II x III = six.

Question 25

Denosumab

Answer 25

RANKL blocker, which activated osteoclasts. Simulates osteoprogrin. 1) Osteoporosis. denOS is for OSteoclasts.

Question 26

Digoxin Immune Fab

Answer 26

Used in Digoxin overdose. Digoxin is a NaKATPase inhibitor which increases contractility in the heart.

Question 27

Omalizumab

Answer 27

Prevents IgE from blocking FcERI. Used for allergic asthma. OmAL for ALlergic asthma.

Question 28

Palivizumab

Answer 28

PaliVI for RSV VIrus. Blocks RSV F protein to prevent RSV in high risk infants.