Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BS2013 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does 6-hydroxydopamine do?

A

Destroys adrenergic terminals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is 6-hydroxydopamine used for?

A

To create a parkinsonism model in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is adrenaline used for?

A

To treat cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is adrenaline?

A

A beta receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

Stimulates beta adrenoceptors repolarising damaged/hypoxic myocardia by stimulating the Na/K pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is alprenolol?

A

A partial beta adrenoceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does alprenolol do?

A

Blocks sympathetic stimulation without reducing resting HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is alprenolol used for?

A

Treat angina by decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption and to protect against MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is amiloride?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does amiloride do?

A

Blocks the excretion of potassium into urine in the distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is amiloride used for?

A

To treat hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is amitryptyline?

A

A tricyclic antidepressant and uptake 1 inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does amitryptyline do?

A

Inhibits serotonin/NA reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is amitriptyline used for?

A

To treat major depressive disorder and anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is atenolol?

A

Beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does atenolol do?

A

blocks the sympathetic stimulation in the heart therefore decreases HR, automacity and force and increases cardiac efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is atenolol used for?

A

To treat angina by decreasing oxygen consumption and after MI to protect against arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is bendrofluazide?

A

Early distal tubule diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is bendrofluazide used for?

A

To treat hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does bendrofluazide work?

A

It inhibits the NA-Cl co-transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Captopril?

A

ACE inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does captopril do?

A

Prevents ACE converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, preventing it raising BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is captopril used for?

A

Treat hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is carbidopa used for?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does carbidopa work?
It inhibits DOPA decarboxylase in the periphery, meaning that more DOPA can cross the blood brain barrier to be converted into dopamine compensating for the lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
26
What is clonidine?
alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
27
What does clonidine do?
Activates alpha 2 adrenoceptors therefore decreases the amount of NA released from the pre-synaptic neuron
28
What is dilitiazem?
Benzothiazepine (calcium channel blocker), and Vaughan Williams class IV drug
29
What does dilitiazem do?
Stabilises mode 0 of L-type calcium channels which are located in the heart and on smooth muscle. It has a strong depression on AV node conduction and decreases force of contraction in the heart and suppresses ectopic beats.
30
What is dilitiazem used for?
Treat hypertension, tachycardia and angina (both cardiac and smooth muscle function)
31
What is dobutamine?
Beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist
32
What does dobutamine do?
Stimulates B1 adrenoceptors in the CV system therefore increases contractility of the heart
33
When is dobutamine used?
After cardiac surgery and in acute management of cardiac arrest
34
What does DOPA do?
Is converted to dopamine
35
What is DOPA used for?
To treat Parkinson's Disease
36
What is furosemide?
Loop acting diuretic
37
How does furosemide work?
Inhibits the Na-K-2Cl symporter on the ascending renal tubule. It also has vasodilator action.
38
What is furosemide used to treat?
Hypertension
39
What is guanethidine?
Adrenergic neuron blocker
40
What does guanethidine do?
It is taken up by uptake 1 along with NA then competes with NA to be taken up into storage vesicles, as it has a higher affinity for the pump NA stored decreases. It also acts to interfere with depolarisation secretion coupling by opening voltage gated sodium channels
41
What is guanethidine used for?
To treat hypertension in an emergency
42
What is imipramine?
A tricyclic antidepressant - Uptake 1 inhibitor
43
What is imipramine used for?
Major depressive disorder
44
What does imipramine do?
Inhibits serotonin-NA reuptake
45
What is Isoprenaline?
Beta adrenoceptor agonist
46
What does isoprenaline do?
Stimulate beta adrenoceptors in the heart generating automacity
47
What is isoprenaline used for?
Treatment of heart block
48
What is losartan?
AT1 competitive antagonist
49
What does losartan do?
Competes with angiotensin II for AT1 receptor in vascular and myocardial tissue and smooth muscle
50
What is losartan used for?
Treat hypertension
51
What is methoxamine?
Alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist
52
What is methoxamine used for?
Treat hypertension and shock
53
What does methoxamine do?
Agonist of alpha 1 adrenoceptors therefore stimulates vasoconstriction
54
What is methyl dopa?
Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
55
What does methyldopa do?
Agonist of alpha 2 adrenoceptors therefore decreases the amount of NA released from the pre-synaptic neuron
56
What is methyldopa used for?
Treat hypertension
57
What is Nifedipine
a Dihydropyridine - calcium channel blocker
58
What does Nifedipine do?
Stabilises mode 0 of L-type calcium channels located on smooth muscle causing vasodilation
59
What is Nifedipine used for?
Treat hypertension and angina (smooth muscle function)
60
What is Oxymetazoline?
Intranasal alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist
61
What is oxymetazoline used for?
Nasal decongestion
62
What is phenylephrine?
alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist
63
What does phenylephrine do?
Agonist of alpha 1 adrenoceptors therefore stimulates contraction of arterial smooth muscle
64
What is phenylephrine used for?
Treat hypotension and shock
65
What is prazosin?
Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist
66
What is prazosin used for?
Treat hypertension
67
What does prazosin do?
Antagonist of alpha 1 adrenoceptors therefore blocks NA induced vasodilation
68
What is propranolol?
Beta adrenoceptor antagonist
69
What does propranolol do?
Blocks the sympathetic stimulation to the heart therefore decreases HR, auutomacity and force and increases cardiac efficiency
70
What is propranolol used for?
Treat Angina by decreasing oxygen consumption and after MI to protect against arrythmia
71
What is Reserpine?
Adrenergic Neuron Blocker
72
What does Reserpine do?
It is taken up by NA uptake 1 along with NA. It then binds to NA pump on the storage vesicles in the pre-synaptic axon preventing them concentrating `NA therefore there is less NA available for release
73
What is Reserpine used for?
Treat hypertension
74
What is Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)?
A nitrovasodilator
75
What does Sodium nitroprusside do?
Breaks down NO which stimulates guanylate cyclase ina rterial smooth muscle this increases cGMP production which activates PKG causing relaxation
76
What is SNP used for?
Treat hypertensive emergency
77
What is timolol?
a beta adrenoceptor antagonist
78
What is timolol used for?
To treat glaucoma
79
What is verapamil?
A phenethylaklamine - calcium channel blocker or a VW class IV
80
What does Verapamil do?
Stabilises mode 0 of L-type calcium channels which are located in the heart. This causes a decrease in force of contraction and a slowing of conduction in the SA and AV node. It also suppresses ectopic beats
81
What is verapamil used for?
Treat hypertension, tachycardia and angina (mainly cardiac action)
82
What is Yohimbine?
alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist
83
What does yohimbine do?
Antagonist of the alpha 2 adrenoceptors therefore increases the amount of NA released from the pre-synaptic neuron
84
What was yohimbine used for?
Was important in developing our understanding of NA's autoregulatory system
85
What is alpha methyl DOPA?
A false substrate
86
What is alpha methyl DOPA used for?
Treat hypertension
87
What does alpha methyl DOPA do?
It is an analogue of DOPA which acts as a false substrate for DOPA decarboxylase leading to accumulation of alpha methyl dopamine. This is then cconverted to alpha methylNA by dopamine beta hydroxylase. Alpha methylNA is more resistant to metabolism than normal NA therefore is more of the abnormal compound than NA. alpha methylNA is a selective agonist therefore less beta receptors are activated leading to a decreased response
88
What is alpha methyltyrosine?
A competitive inhibitor
89
What does alpha methyl tyrosine do?
An analogue of tyrosine which competitively inhibits tyrosine dehydroxylase preventing de novo synthesis of NA
90
What is alpha methyl tyrosine used for?
Treat hypertension
91
What is digoxine?
Cardiac glycoside
92
What is digoxine used for?
Treat AF, heart failure associated with AF
93
What does digoxine do?
It inhibits the NA/K ATPase which prevents Ca reducing after contraction increasing force, increases vagal activity decreasing HR
94
What is lignocaine?
A Vaughan Williams Class 1b drug
95
What is lignocaine used for?
Anti-arrythmic
96
How does lignocaine work?
Binds to the alpha subunit of open channels during phase 0 of the AP then dissociates from them before the next AP begins, it is considered fast-binding
97
What is flecainide?
A Vaughan Williams Class 1c
98
What is flecainide used for?
Anti-arrhythmic
99
How does flecainide work?
Binds to the alpha subunit of calcium channels and reaches a steady block. It is considered as slow binding
100
What is Amiodarone?
A Vaughan Williams Class III drug
101
What does Amiodarone do?
Prolong the cardiac AP affecting the maximum frequency, blocks K channels
102
What is amiodarone used for?
Anti-arrythmic
103
What is adenosine used for?
Treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
104
What does adenosine do?
Shortens the refractory period
105
What is glyceryl trinitrate?
An organic nitrate
106
What does glyceryl trinitrate do?
Causes vasodilation by stimulating PKG which decreases blood return to the heart, therefore cardiac workload and decreases BP. Improves collateral flow
107
What is glyceryl trinitrate used for?
Anti-angina or against MI
108
What is Nicorandil?
an organic nitrate and Katp opener
109
What does nicorandil do?
Causes vasodilation by stimulating PKG which decreases blood return, cardiac workload and BP. It also improves collateral flow. Additional it opens Katp channels therefore reduces Ca entry leading to further relaxation and vasodilation this is synergestic with the ATP-ADP ratio therefore dilation is greatest in ischaemic regions
110
What is aspirin?
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
111
What does aspirin do?
It has anti-platelet action preventing thrombus formation it also inhibits cyclooxygenase
112
What is aspirin used for?
Preventative or MI and pain relief
113
What do statins do?
Interfere with the bodies ability to produce cholesterol therefore reduce atherosclerosis
114
What is streptokinase?
A pro-drug
115
What does streptokinase do?
It gets rid of clots by complexing with plasminogen to form a fibronylitic agent
116
What is streptokinase used in?
MI
117
What is iodine 131 used for?
Treat hyperthyroidism
118
What is bosentan?
Antagonist to the ETA receptors
119
What does bosentan treat?
Hypertension
120
What is metformin used for?
Treat type 2 diabetes
121
How does metformin work?
It reduces hepatic glucose release by decreasing gluconeogenesis via inhibition of the mitochondrial complex 1 leading to activation of the energy sensing kinase AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibition of gluconeogenic genes
122
What is tolbutamide?
A first generation sulphonylurea
123
What does tolbutamide do?
Modulates ATP sensitive K channel by binding to SUR component increasing insulin secretion
124
What does tolbutamide treat?
Type 2 diabetes
125
What is glipizide?
second generation sulphonylurea
126
What does glipizide do?
Modulates the ATp sensitive K channel by binding to the SUR component increasing insulin secretion
127
What are meglinitides?
Compounds that also binds to the SUR component of ATP sensitive potassium channels
128
What is rosiglitazone?
Thiazolidinedione
129
What does rosiglitazone do?
Activates the TF PPARgamma causing increased expression of insulin sensitive genes such as GLUT 4 and lipoprotein lipase
130
What is acarbose?
An alpha glucosidase inhibitor
131
What does acarbose do?
Delays absorption of carbohydrates by inhibiting alpha amylase, maltose, dextrose, isomaltase, glycoamylase and sucrose. Causing a decrease in post-prandial plasma glucose concentration
132
What is acarbose used to treat?
Type 2 diabetes
133
What is liraglutide?
A GLP-1 analog
134
What does liraglutide do?
Decreases blood glucose concentration by increasing insulin secreted and slowing the rate of absorption of nutrients. It also inhibits glucagon release and increases satiety
135
What is liraglutide used to treat?
Type 2 diabetes
136
What is sitagliptin?
A DPP4 inhibitor
137
What does sitagliptin do?
Inhibit DPP4 therefore more incretins are in the system which decreases blood glucose
138
What is sitagliptin used to treat?
Type 2 diabetes
139
What is exenatide?
An agonist of the GLP-1 receptor
140
What does exenatide do?
Decreases blood glucose concentration by increasing insulin secreted and slowing the rate of absorption of nutrients. It also inhibits glucagon release and increases satiety
141
What are the types of drugs used to treat Type 2diabetes?
``` Metformin Sulphonylureas Thiazolidinediones Alpha glucosidease inhibitors GLP and GIP and DPP4 associated Exenatide ```
142
What is salbutamol?
Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist
143
What does salbutamol do?
Causes bronchodilation
144
What is salbutamol used to treat?
Asthma
145
What is tamoxifen?
Oestrogen nuclear receptor antagonist
146
What does tamoxifen do?
Treat breast cancers caused by overstimulation of the oestrogen receptors
147
What is tetrodotoxin?
A voltage gated sodium channel blocker
148
What does ibruptofen do?
Inhibits cyclooxygenase
149
What is enalapril?
ACE inhibitor
150
What does enalpril do?
It is a pro-drug converted to enaliprat by esterase and treats hypertension by inhibiting the ACE enzyme
151
What do amphetamines do?
Act as a false substrate to Mono amine transporters particularly NA uptake 1 causing overstimulation of the neurones
152
What does cocaine do?
Act as an inhibitor to monoamine transporters particularly NA uptake 1 causing overstimulation of the neurones
153
What is alpha conotoxin?
Antagonist of the nicotinic ACh receptor
154
What is Ketamine?
NMDA receptor agonist
155
What is ethanol?
GABAa receptor agonist causes hyperpolarization
156
What does cholera do?
Causes continuous activation of Gs
157
What does dimercaprol do?
It is a chemical antagonist which is used as a chelating agent in heavy metal poisoning
158
What does infliximab do?
A chemical antagonist which mops up cytokines to prevent inflammation/pain
159
What is an opiate?
Pharmacokinetic antagonist that reduces absorption by the oral route
160
Name an alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist
Prazosin
161
Name an ACE inhibitor
Enalapril | Captopril
162
Name an adrenergic neuron blocker
Guanethidine | Reserpine
163
Name an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor
Exenatide GLP-1 Liraglutide
164
Name an ETA antagonist
Bosentan
165
Name an AT1 competitive antagonist
Losartan
166
Name a Calcium channel blocker
Dilitiazem | Nifedipine
167
Name a cardiac glycoside
Digoxine | Ouabain
168
Name a chemical antagonist
Dimercaprol | Infiximab
169
Name a DHP
Nidefipine
170
Name a DPP4 inhibitor
Stiagliptin
171
Name an early distal tubule diuretic
Bendrofluazide
172
Name a false substrate
alpha methyl DOPA | Amphetamine
173
Name a sulphonylurea
Tolbutamide Glibencamide Glipizide
174
Name a GABAa receptor agonist
Ethanol Barbiturate Neurosteriods Benzodiazepine
175
Name an alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist
Oxymetazoline
176
Name a loop acting diuretic
Furosemide
177
Name a muscarinic receptor antagonist
Atropine
178
Name a nicotinic receptor antagonist
Alpha-conotoxin
179
Name a nitrovasodilator
SNP
180
Name an organic nitrate
Glyceryl trinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate Nicorandil
181
Name a potassium sparing diuretic
Amiloride
182
Name a pro-drug
Streptokinase

BS2013 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions