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Physio Block 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

inhibitors of Na+-K+ATPase and maintain or increase sodium in the ICF

A

Cardiac glycosides

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2
Q

What are examples of cardiac glycoside drugs?

A

Digitalis, Digoxin, Oubain

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3
Q

If a Na+K+ ATPase blocker is given, what happens?

A

there is depolarization in side the cell

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4
Q

Which drug is this:

  • blocks the Primary active transport.
  • H+/K+ (proton pump) inhibitor in gastric parietal cells transports H+into lumen of the stomach against its electrochemical gradient
A

Omeprazole

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5
Q
  • blocks the voltage-sensitive Na+channels & prevent the occurrence of nerve Action potentials.
  • abolishes pain, as it blocks transmission of pain impulses, used as a local anesthetic
A

Lidocaine

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6
Q

blocks these voltage-sensitive Na+channels & abolishes Action potentials Net Force

A

Tetrodotoxin -TTX(toxin from Japanese puffer fish)

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7
Q

blocks the release of Ach from presynaptic vesicles terminals causing total neuromuscular transmission, skeletal muscle paralysis and eventually death from respiratory paralysis

A

Botulinum Toxin

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8
Q
  • competes with Ach for Nicotinic receptors on motor end plate, thereby decreasing size of End plate potential.
  • in large doses, causes paralysis & death due to respiratory paralysis. -Used by S.American hunters as an arrow poison
A

Curare

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9
Q

a form of Curare, is therapeutically used as an anesthetic as it causes skeletal muscle relaxation

A

D-Tubocurarine

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10
Q

present in krait’s venom is a neurotoxin, binds irreversibly to Ach receptors

A

α- Bungarotoxin

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11
Q
  • anticholinesterase agents used in Myasthenia gravis treatment, that inhibit AchE enzyme so Ach remains in synaptic cleft for a longer period and in larger amounts, prolonging time available for Ach to activate the receptor.
  • Enables a larger amplitude of EPP which will be able to generate muscle AP.
  • Better muscle contractions
A

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine

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12
Q
  • produced byclostidium tetani(as spores) blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and Gly.
  • This results in increased repetitive stimulation of motor neurons causing increased intracellular calcium.
  • This leads to continuous binding of Ca2+to Troponin C & continues cross-bridge cycling, resulting in a state of sustained contraction
A

Tetanus toxin

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13
Q

inhibits GH secretion. Used in the treatment of excess growth hormones

A

Somatostatin analogues(Example:Octreotide, Lanreotide)

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14
Q

dopamine agonist decrease prolactin secretion

A

Bromocryptine

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15
Q
  • used to treat Bipolar mood disorders, it impairs the ADH stimulatory effect on adenylate cyclase, resulting in less cAMP.
  • Decreased Aquaporin 2 expression (Decreased AQP 2 mRNA, levels); this results in resistance to actions of ADH leading to Nephrogenic diabetes Insipidus
A

Lithium carbonate

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16
Q

used in SIADH treatment to block ADH water reabsorption action

A

Demeclocycline

17
Q
  • a synthetic form of ADH. -In Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, urine osmolarity fails to increase even after giving injection ADH.
  • In Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus, urine osmolarity increases only after administration
A

Desmopressin

18
Q

-inhibit thyroid peroxidase enzyme which prevents the oxidation of iodide to iodine, organification to form MIT and DIT and the coupling of MIT and DIT to form T3 and T4

A

Thioamides (Eg. Proply Thiouracil, Methimazole and Carbimazole)

19
Q

aβ-adrenergic blocking drug, is used in Hyperthyroidism to treat palpitations

A

Propranolol

20
Q

-synthetic form of T4 used in the treatment of thyroid hormone deficiency in conditions such as hypothyroidism. -It may also be used to treat Goiter due to its ability to lower TSH levels

A

Levothyroxine

21
Q

-inhibits calcium reabsorption. Used for treatment of hypercalcemia

A

Furosemide

22
Q

inhibits bone resorption

A

Etidronate

23
Q
  • a corticosteroid used to help control the amount of sodium and fluids in your body.
  • used to treat Addison’s disease and syndromes where excessive amounts of sodium are lost in the urine.
  • works by decreasing the amount of sodium that is lost (excreted) in your urine.
A

Fludrocortisone

24
Q
  • glucocorticoid that inhibits the release of histamine and serotonin from mast cells and platelets
  • used in allergy treatment.
  • Also inhibits collagen synthesis, thereby prevents tissue adhesions, therefore its given therapeutically after abdominal surgeries
A

cortisol

25
Q

-decrease inflammation and pain as they induce lipocortin, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, which is necessary to form aracidonate, which is a precursor of prostaglandins & leukotrienes needed for inflammation.

A

Glucocorticoids (Eg, Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and prednisone)

26
Q

Which drug does not suppress ACTH & Cortisol secretion, as tumor cells secreting ACTH (Secondary disease/ Cushing’s disease) are less responsive to negative feedback by Cortisol?

A

low dose dexamethasone

27
Q

Which drug does suppress both ACTH & Cortisol in Cushing’s disease but ectopic ACTH, adrenal tumor cortisol is not suppressed?

A

high dose dexamethasone

28
Q

These drugs suppress the immune response by inhibiting production of Interleukins IL-2 & T-lymphocytes which are crucial for cellular immunity
oDestruction of lymphoid tissues
oPrevents rejection of transplanted organs

A

glucocortocoids

29
Q

reduces edema in the brain

A

Mannitol

30
Q

Toxin that blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine

A

Clostridium tetani

31
Q
  • increased levels of prolactin

- taken by schizophrenics

A

Dopamine antagonists

32
Q

block the first step in synthesis of thyroid hormones

-decreases T3/T4 levels

A

Thiocyanate & Perchlorate anions

33
Q

drug for pheochromocytoma

A

vanillyl mandelic acid

Physio Block 1 (6 decks)

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