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Nephrology / Urology > DRUGS! > Flashcards

DRUGS! Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of action of sulfonamides

A

inhibits folate synthesis

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2
Q

mechanism of action of quinolones

A

DNA replication inhibitor

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3
Q

mechanism of action of penicillins

A

cell wall inhibitors

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4
Q

mechanism of action of cephalosporins

A

cell wall inhibitors

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5
Q

mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin

A

inhibits enzymes, damages DNA

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6
Q

indication for alprostadil

A

erectile dysfunction

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7
Q

indication for sildenafil

A

erectile dysfunction

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8
Q

indication for tadalafil

A

erectile dysfunction

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9
Q

indication for leuprolide

A

prostate cancer

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10
Q

indication for flutamide

A

prostate cancer

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11
Q

indication for finasteride

A

BPH

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12
Q

indication for prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin

A

symptomatic BPH

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13
Q

mechanism of action of finasteride

A

5-a reductase inhibitor - prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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14
Q

mechanism of action of prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin

A

a1-antagonists/blockers - relax smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate to improve urine flow

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15
Q

indication for tolterodine tartrate, oxybutynin, trospium chloride

A

overactive urinary bladder disease aka URGE INCONTINENCE

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16
Q

mechanism of action of tolterodine tartrate, oxybutynin, trospium chloride

A

block muscarinic receptors in the bladder which lowers intravesicular pressure, which increases bladder capacity and reduces frequency of bladder contractions

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17
Q

side effects of tolterodine tartrate, oxybutynin, trospium chloride

A

dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision

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18
Q

mechanism of action of leuprolide

A

GnRH analogs - occupy GnRH receptors in the pituitary, leading to desensitization and subsequent inhibition of release of FSH and LH - so androgen synthesis is reduced

19
Q

mechanism of action of flutamide

A

Synthetic, nonsteroidal antiandrogens - compete with natural androgens for binding to androgen receptor, thus preventing translocation of androgens into nucleus
–causes increased SERUM testosterone levels

20
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of flutamide

A

gynecomastia, GI distress, liver failure

21
Q

side effects of leuprolide

A

impotence
hot flashes
bone pain
gynecomastia

22
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of a1-antagonists (blockers)

A

dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, sexual dysfunction. “floppy iris syndrome”

23
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of sildenafil, tadalafil

A

HA, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, color blindness (sildenafil only)

24
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of alprostadil

A

hypotension, dizziness, syncope, priapism, penile/urethral/testicular pain

25
Q

indications for nitrofurantoin

A

UTI w/ E. coli, gram-positive cocci, prostatitis

26
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin

A

GI disturbances, acute pneumonitis, neurologic problems….chronic use of nitrofurantoin may result in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

27
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of TMP-SMX

A

Skin rash
Nausea
Hematologic (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)

28
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of fluoroquinolones

A

PHOTOTOXICITY, increased risk of TENDINITIS/TENDON RUPTURE, GI disturbances, HA, dizziness, QT PROLONGATION

29
Q

side effects/adverse reactions of penicillins

A

hypersensitivity; diarrhea; nephritis, neurotoxicity, decreased coagulation

30
Q

Which anticholinergic medication is available in a patch formulation to help decrease the dry mouth side effect, and is thus more tolerated?

A

Oxybutynin

31
Q

Beside the “can’t shit, spit, see, or pee” side effects of anticholinergics, what else do we worry about with the elderly?

A

Clouds their sensorium

can lead to QT prolongation

32
Q

In the treatment of prostate cancer, flutamide is always given in combination with:

A

Leuprolide

33
Q

Side effects of finasteride?

A

decrease ejaculate and libido, ED

gynecomastia

34
Q

How long does it take for the prostate size to be reduced with the treatment of finasteride?

A

6-12 months

35
Q

Which alpha-blocker has the most selective to the prostate and less BP lowering effects?

A

Tamsulosin

36
Q

Due to its tendency to retain sodium, which alpha blocker is usually administered with a diuretic?

A

Prazosin

37
Q

Outpatient treatment of pyelonephritis?

A

Quinolone

38
Q

What’s the criteria for recurrent UTI prophylaxis? And what do you use?

A

> 3 episodes/ year

TMP/SMX, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin - single dosing at bedtime or at time of sexual intercourse

39
Q

Which drugs are used for a 3 day regimen for UTI treatment?

A

cephalexin, ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Which drugs are used for 7 days to treat a UTI?

A

Nitrofurantoin

41
Q

Which drug is only a single dose treatment for a UTI?

A

TMP/SMX - worry about resistant strains

42
Q

Indications for Ciprofloxacin?

A

UTIs (complicated and non complicated), prostatitis, pyelonephritis

43
Q

What are contraindications of nitrofurantoin?

A

anuria
oliguria
renal function with creatinine clearance 38 weeks pregnancy

Nephrology / Urology (17 decks)

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