Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MATS Program > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What presentation does Adrenaline come in?

A
  • 1mg in 1ml glass ampoule (1:1,000)
  • 1mg in 10ml glass ampoule (1:10,000)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pharmacology of Adrenaline? and what are its actions?

A
  • A naturally occuring alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulant

Actions: Beta 1, Beta 2 and Alpha
Beta 1 effects
* Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate
* Increases conduction velocity throuygh the AV node
* Increases myocardial contractility
* Increases the irritability of the ventricles

Beta 2 effects
* causes bronchodilation

Alpha effects
* causes peripheral vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is Adrenaline metabolised?

A
  • By monoamine oxidase and other enzymes in the blood, liver and around nerve endings
  • It is excreted by the kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 primary incidations of Adrenaline?

A
  1. Cardiac arrest (VT, VF, Asystole or PEA)
  2. Shock
  3. Bradycardia with poor perfusion
  4. Anaphylaxis
  5. Severe asthma - imminent life threat not responding to nebulised therapy or unconscious with no BP
  6. Croup
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the contraindications to Adrenaline?

A
  1. Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 precautions for Adrenaline?

A

Consider reduced doses for
1. Elderly/frail patients
2. Patients with cardiovascular disease
3. Patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Higher doses
4. Higher doses may be required for patients on beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can adrenaline be administered?

Route

A
  • IV
  • IM
  • Nebulised
  • IV infusion
  • IO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some side effects of Adrenaline?

A
  • Sinus tachycardia
  • SVT
  • Ventricular arryhtmias
  • HTN
  • Pupillary dilation
  • May increase size of MI
  • Feeling of anxiety/palpitations in the conscious patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ONSET time of IV Adrenaline?

A

30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the PEAK time of IV Adrenaline?

A

3-5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the duration of IV Adrenaline?

A

5-10 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ONSET time of IM Adrenaline?

A

30-90 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the PEAK time of IM Adrenaline?

A

4-10 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the duration of IM Adrenaline?

A

5-10 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mode of action for Amiodarone?

A
  • Class III antiarrhythmic
  • Prolongs cardiac action potential and delays refractory period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the indications of Amiodarone?

A
  • VF/Pulseless VT refractory to defibrillation
  • Sustained or recurrent VT
17
Q

What are the contraindications of Amiodarone?

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
  • QTc > 500 milliseconds
  • VT following ondansetron administration
  • Pregnancy (if not in cardiac arrest)
18
Q

What are the adverse effects of Amiodarone?

A

CVS
* rebound bradycardia
* hypotension
* phlebitis

GI
* nausea
* vomiting
* metallic taste in mouth

18
Q

What are some significant interactions of Amiodarone?

A
  • infusion is only compatible with Dextrose 5% (sodium chloride 0.9% can be used to flush line for administration during cardiac arrest)
  • Flush the line thoroughly prior to administration if the same line has been previously been used to administer dexamethasone, heparin, hydrocortisone or sodium bicarbonate
19
Q

Is Amiodarone safe during pregnancy?

A
  • Avoid unless mother is in cardiac arrest
  • Maternal use of amiodarone has been associated with congenital hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and neurologic abnormalities
20
Q

Can a mother breastfeed post administration of amiodarone?

A

No, the child should not be breast fed following administration without first consulting specialist physician

21
Q

How does amiodarone come?

Presentation

A

150mg in 3ml ampoule

22
Q

How can you administer amiodarone?

A
  • IV
  • IO
23
Q

What is the onset of action of Amiodarone?

A

2 mins

24
Q

What is the duration of action of Amiodarone?

A

2 hours

25
Q

What presentation does Aspirin come in?

A
  • 300mg chewable tablets
  • 300mg soluble or water dispersible tablets
26
Q

What is the pharmacology of Aspirin?

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-platelet aggregation agent

Actions:
* To minimise platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in ACS
* Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory conditions

27
Q

How is Aspirin metabolised?

A

Converted into salicylate in the gut mucosa and liver
Excreted by mainly the kidneys

28
Q

What are the indications for aspirin?

A

ACS

29
Q

What are the contraindications of aspirin?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to aspirin/salicylates
  2. Actively bleeding peptic ulcers
  3. Bleeding disorders
  4. Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm
  5. Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD if SBP > 160
30
Q

When do you need to take precautions when administering Aspirin?

A
  1. Peptic ulcer
  2. Asthma
  3. Patients on anticoagulants
31
Q

What are the side effects of Aspirin?

A
  • heart burn
  • nausea
  • GIT bleeding
  • Increased bleeding time
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
32
Q

Can you give aspirin in acute febrille illness in children and adolescents?

A

No, it is contraindicated

33
Q

How long do the anti-platelet effects of aspirin persist?

A
  • For the life of the platelets
  • Typically 7-10 days
34
Q

What is the onset time of Aspirin?

A

N/a

35
Q

What is the Peak time of aspirin?

A

N/a

36
Q

What is the duration of aspirin?

A

8-10 days

37
Q
A

MATS Program (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions