Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

infectious disease > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

aminoglycosides

A
  • gram - severe infections
  • used for gram + only synergistically w/ other drugs
  • NO ANAEROBES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

natural penicillins (beta lactam)

A
  • gram + strep

- N. meningitidis, syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extended spectrum aminopenicillins (beta lactam)

A
  • amoxicillin

- good for strep, enterococci and some gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillins (beta lactam)

A
  • “antistaphylococcal pcns”
  • DRUG OF CHOICE for MSSA
  • NO GRAM NEG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins (beta lactam)

A
  • gram - only (NO GRAM POS)
  • GREAT for pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • severe infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cephalosporins (gen 1-4)

A

-gen 1: gram +
-gen 2: kinda gram +/-; not great
-gen 3: gram -
-gen 4: gram +/- (serious inf, IV only)
NO ENTEROCOCCUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

monobactams

A
  • beta lactam
  • great gram +; NO GRAM - OR ANAEROBE
  • narrow spec; mostly enterobacteriaceae family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carbapenems

A
  • “-penums”
  • beta lactam
  • very broad spectrum; severe infections; IV only; +/- anaerobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vancomycin

A
  • gram + and anaerobes ONLY (no gram -)

- tx of choice for MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tetracyclines

A
  • broad spectrum
  • respiratory and intracellular infections
  • atypical resp pathogens: legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • adverse effect: tooth discoloration in kids, photosensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

quinolones (cipro)

A
  • mostly gram -
  • some gram +
  • used for UTI when concerned may spread to kidney
  • primary cause of C. diff infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

macrolides

A
  • mostly gram +
  • only gram - is H. influ
  • used for many resp infections
  • GI upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trimethoprin / sulfamethoxazole

A
  • aka “bactrim”
  • gram + (strept, MRSA), gram -, anaerobes
  • primary tx for fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII (opportunistic pneumonia)
  • prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis in HIV pts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anaerobic agents – clindamycin

A
  • gram + and anaerobes only (NO GRAM NEG)

- used primarily to tx anaerobe infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anaerobic agents – metronidazole

A
  • ANAEROBES ONLY

- vaginal infections, intra abdominal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anaerobic agents – chloramphenical

A
  • gram +/- and anaerobes (YAY!)
  • broad spectrum but lots of resistance so not 1st line (BOO.)
  • RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS (brain abscess)
17
Q

nucleotide / nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

A
  • nucleotide analogs are incorporated into viral DNA and inhibit growth of viral DNA chains during replication
  • associated w/ liver toxicity (careful rx-ing drugs w/ related toxicities)
18
Q

protease inhibitors (PI)

A
  • by inhibiting protease, PIs prevent maturation of viral proteins
  • interact w/ many other drugs
  • fat redistribution=side effect
19
Q

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

A
  • binds to viral reverse transcriptase and causes conformational changes that inhibit it
  • high incidence of hypersensitivity rxns like rashes
20
Q

entry inhibitors (EI)

A
  • prevents HIV from fusing with and entering host cells
  • well tolerated
  • only avail by injection
21
Q

amantadine (Symmetrel)

A
  • only effective for influenza A
  • high levels of resistance
  • also used for parkinsons disease
22
Q

ribavirin (Ribasphere)

A
  • potential to be used for pandemic flu

- safety and efficacy have not been established

23
Q

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A
  • tx for influenza A & B
  • only admin in FIRST 48HRS
  • reduction in duration of s/s but not hospitalizations or mortality
24
Q

rimantadine (Flumadine)

A
  • only effective for influenza A
  • high levels of resistance and not rec. for antiviral tx or chemoprophylaxis
  • can be used in combo w/ tamiflu if resistance to tamiflu is suspected
25
Q

zanamivir (Relenza)

A
  • tx for influenza A & B
  • only admin in FIRST 48 HRS
  • CONTRA: persons w/ asthma (risk of bronchospasm)
26
Q

what does HAART stand for?

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy

-multi drug regimen that uses combo of drugs to suppress replication of HIV and restore CD4 cells

27
Q

what does Doxycycline treat??

left right, top ground….

A 
typhus
lyme
rocky mountain
granuloma inguinale
(first 3 are bacterial meningitis)

infectious disease (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions