DRUGS Flashcards
aminoglycosides
- gram - severe infections
- used for gram + only synergistically w/ other drugs
- NO ANAEROBES
natural penicillins (beta lactam)
- gram + strep
- N. meningitidis, syphilis
extended spectrum aminopenicillins (beta lactam)
- amoxicillin
- good for strep, enterococci and some gram -
penicillinase-resistant penicillins (beta lactam)
- “antistaphylococcal pcns”
- DRUG OF CHOICE for MSSA
- NO GRAM NEG
antipseudomonal penicillins (beta lactam)
- gram - only (NO GRAM POS)
- GREAT for pseudomonas aeruginosa
- severe infections
cephalosporins (gen 1-4)
-gen 1: gram +
-gen 2: kinda gram +/-; not great
-gen 3: gram -
-gen 4: gram +/- (serious inf, IV only)
NO ENTEROCOCCUS
monobactams
- beta lactam
- great gram +; NO GRAM - OR ANAEROBE
- narrow spec; mostly enterobacteriaceae family
carbapenems
- “-penums”
- beta lactam
- very broad spectrum; severe infections; IV only; +/- anaerobes
vancomycin
- gram + and anaerobes ONLY (no gram -)
- tx of choice for MRSA
tetracyclines
- broad spectrum
- respiratory and intracellular infections
- atypical resp pathogens: legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae
- adverse effect: tooth discoloration in kids, photosensitivity
quinolones (cipro)
- mostly gram -
- some gram +
- used for UTI when concerned may spread to kidney
- primary cause of C. diff infection
macrolides
- mostly gram +
- only gram - is H. influ
- used for many resp infections
- GI upset
trimethoprin / sulfamethoxazole
- aka “bactrim”
- gram + (strept, MRSA), gram -, anaerobes
- primary tx for fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII (opportunistic pneumonia)
- prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis in HIV pts.
anaerobic agents – clindamycin
- gram + and anaerobes only (NO GRAM NEG)
- used primarily to tx anaerobe infections
anaerobic agents – metronidazole
- ANAEROBES ONLY
- vaginal infections, intra abdominal infections
anaerobic agents – chloramphenical
- gram +/- and anaerobes (YAY!)
- broad spectrum but lots of resistance so not 1st line (BOO.)
- RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS (brain abscess)
nucleotide / nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
- nucleotide analogs are incorporated into viral DNA and inhibit growth of viral DNA chains during replication
- associated w/ liver toxicity (careful rx-ing drugs w/ related toxicities)
protease inhibitors (PI)
- by inhibiting protease, PIs prevent maturation of viral proteins
- interact w/ many other drugs
- fat redistribution=side effect
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
- binds to viral reverse transcriptase and causes conformational changes that inhibit it
- high incidence of hypersensitivity rxns like rashes
entry inhibitors (EI)
- prevents HIV from fusing with and entering host cells
- well tolerated
- only avail by injection
amantadine (Symmetrel)
- only effective for influenza A
- high levels of resistance
- also used for parkinsons disease
ribavirin (Ribasphere)
- potential to be used for pandemic flu
- safety and efficacy have not been established
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- tx for influenza A & B
- only admin in FIRST 48HRS
- reduction in duration of s/s but not hospitalizations or mortality
rimantadine (Flumadine)
- only effective for influenza A
- high levels of resistance and not rec. for antiviral tx or chemoprophylaxis
- can be used in combo w/ tamiflu if resistance to tamiflu is suspected
