DRUGS Flashcards
aminoglycosides
- gram - severe infections
- used for gram + only synergistically w/ other drugs
- NO ANAEROBES
natural penicillins (beta lactam)
- gram + strep
- N. meningitidis, syphilis
extended spectrum aminopenicillins (beta lactam)
- amoxicillin
- good for strep, enterococci and some gram -
penicillinase-resistant penicillins (beta lactam)
- “antistaphylococcal pcns”
- DRUG OF CHOICE for MSSA
- NO GRAM NEG
antipseudomonal penicillins (beta lactam)
- gram - only (NO GRAM POS)
- GREAT for pseudomonas aeruginosa
- severe infections
cephalosporins (gen 1-4)
-gen 1: gram +
-gen 2: kinda gram +/-; not great
-gen 3: gram -
-gen 4: gram +/- (serious inf, IV only)
NO ENTEROCOCCUS
monobactams
- beta lactam
- great gram +; NO GRAM - OR ANAEROBE
- narrow spec; mostly enterobacteriaceae family
carbapenems
- “-penums”
- beta lactam
- very broad spectrum; severe infections; IV only; +/- anaerobes
vancomycin
- gram + and anaerobes ONLY (no gram -)
- tx of choice for MRSA
tetracyclines
- broad spectrum
- respiratory and intracellular infections
- atypical resp pathogens: legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae
- adverse effect: tooth discoloration in kids, photosensitivity
quinolones (cipro)
- mostly gram -
- some gram +
- used for UTI when concerned may spread to kidney
- primary cause of C. diff infection
macrolides
- mostly gram +
- only gram - is H. influ
- used for many resp infections
- GI upset
trimethoprin / sulfamethoxazole
- aka “bactrim”
- gram + (strept, MRSA), gram -, anaerobes
- primary tx for fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII (opportunistic pneumonia)
- prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis in HIV pts.
anaerobic agents – clindamycin
- gram + and anaerobes only (NO GRAM NEG)
- used primarily to tx anaerobe infections
anaerobic agents – metronidazole
- ANAEROBES ONLY
- vaginal infections, intra abdominal infections
anaerobic agents – chloramphenical
- gram +/- and anaerobes (YAY!)
- broad spectrum but lots of resistance so not 1st line (BOO.)
- RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS (brain abscess)
nucleotide / nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
- nucleotide analogs are incorporated into viral DNA and inhibit growth of viral DNA chains during replication
- associated w/ liver toxicity (careful rx-ing drugs w/ related toxicities)
protease inhibitors (PI)
- by inhibiting protease, PIs prevent maturation of viral proteins
- interact w/ many other drugs
- fat redistribution=side effect
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
- binds to viral reverse transcriptase and causes conformational changes that inhibit it
- high incidence of hypersensitivity rxns like rashes
entry inhibitors (EI)
- prevents HIV from fusing with and entering host cells
- well tolerated
- only avail by injection
amantadine (Symmetrel)
- only effective for influenza A
- high levels of resistance
- also used for parkinsons disease
ribavirin (Ribasphere)
- potential to be used for pandemic flu
- safety and efficacy have not been established
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- tx for influenza A & B
- only admin in FIRST 48HRS
- reduction in duration of s/s but not hospitalizations or mortality
rimantadine (Flumadine)
- only effective for influenza A
- high levels of resistance and not rec. for antiviral tx or chemoprophylaxis
- can be used in combo w/ tamiflu if resistance to tamiflu is suspected
zanamivir (Relenza)
- tx for influenza A & B
- only admin in FIRST 48 HRS
- CONTRA: persons w/ asthma (risk of bronchospasm)
what does HAART stand for?
highly active antiretroviral therapy
-multi drug regimen that uses combo of drugs to suppress replication of HIV and restore CD4 cells
what does Doxycycline treat??
left right, top ground….
typhus lyme rocky mountain granuloma inguinale (first 3 are bacterial meningitis)
