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PMCOL 200 Final > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin

A

Supposed heart medication

Complications in elderly

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2
Q

Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin

A

Supposed COVID-19 medication

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3
Q

Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex steroid hormone

Glucocorticoid

Anti-inflammatory (suppress transcription of COX2) and Catabolic effects

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4
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex steroid hormone

Mineralcorticoid

Increase salt/water reabsorption and increase blood volume/pressure

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5
Q

Cortisone

A

Inactive cortisol

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6
Q

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 1

A

Activates cortisol (adipose, muscle, liver, glucocorticoid targets)

Converts cortisone into cortisol

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7
Q

Prednisone

A

Glucocorticoid, Prodrug

Oral intake, small topical effect

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8
Q

Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid, Strong topical effect
Active form of prednisone

Activated by first pass metabolism

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9
Q

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 2

A

Inactivates cortisol (Kidney cells, mineralocorticoid targets)

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10
Q

Glucocorticoids / Anti-inflammatory

A

Suppress transcription of COX-2 gene, affecting early on in inflamation

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11
Q

Annexin A-I

A

Lipocortin

Inhibits Leukocytes tissue infiltration

Suppress phospholipase A2 activity –> No arachidonic acid, very powerful and broad effects

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12
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Calcineurin Inhibitor

Binds to cyclophilin

Inhibits calcineurin, NFAT is not phosphorylated, no expression of IL-2, no proliferation of T-cells

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13
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Calcineurin Inhibitor

Binds to FKBP

Inhibits calcineurin, NFAT is not phosphorylated, no expression of IL-2, no proliferation of T-cells

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14
Q

FKBP

A

Forms complex with tacrolimus

Forms complex with rapamycin

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15
Q

Cyclophilin

A

Forms complex with cyclosporin

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16
Q

Rapamycin

A

AKA sirolimus
Proliferation Signal Inhibitors

Binds to FKBP

Inhibits mTOR suppressing downstream effects of IL-2 receptor activation, preventing cell growth and division

17
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Cytotoxic agent (alkylating agent)

Causes cross-linking of neighbouring bases, interferes with DNA replication

18
Q

Azathioprine

A

Cytotoxic agent

Metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Fraudulent nucleotide prevents synthesis of nucleotides and interferes with cell division

19
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

Humanized IgG1 binds CD52

Labels phagocytic immune cells early in immune response targets them for destruction by lysis or phagocytosis

Destructive

20
Q

Basiliximab

A

Chimeric mouse-human IgG1 binds to CD25

IL-2 antagonist prevents binding to lymphocytes, immunosuppresion

21
Q

Retinoic Acid Receptor

A

T3 binding to nucleus causes recruitment of RXR to form a heterodimer with the thyroid hormone receptor

Recruits co-activators leading to enhanced transcription of target genes

22
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthetic T4, used to treat hypothyroidism

23
Q

Methimazole

A

Thioamide

Prevents condensation and coupling step by binding to thyroperoxidase

24
Q

RANKL

A

Secreted by osteoblasts and activates osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium (resorption)

25
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Peptide Hormone

Bone resorption: Calcium and Phosphate
Kidney Reabsorption: Calcium
Kidney Excretion: Phosphate

Stimulates Vit D processing

26
Q

Calcitriol

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecaliferol / 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D3

Active metabolite, steroid hormone
Released when PTH present and Low Calcium levels

Increase Kidney reabsorption of Calcium and Phosphate
Increase Gut reabsorption of Calcium and Phosphate
Increase Bone resorption of Calcium and Phosphate

27
Q

Secalciferol

A

24,25-hydroxy D3

Weak activity, steroid hormone
Released when 1,25-OH-D3 is present and High Calcium levels

28
Q

FGF23

A

Anti-PTH effects

Inhibit bone reabsorption
Inhibit D3 metabolism
Inhibit PTH production

29
Q

Calcitonin

A

Secreted from thyroid
Inhibit bone resorption
Inhibit calcium and phosphate reabsorption in Kidney

30
Q

Glucocorticoids / Calcium

A

Blocks calcium reabsorption in gut
Blocks calcium reabsorption in kidney

Prolonged use can cause osteoporosis

31
Q

Estrogens / Calcium

A

Prevent bone loss

Prevents PTH bone resorption

32
Q

Calcimimetics

A

Mimics the effect of calcium to cause negative feedback on parathyroid

33
Q

Teriparatide

A

Recombinant PTH 1-34 fragment

Activates primarily osteoblasts, activating RANKL, activating osteoclasts

Does not last long enough for osteoclast activity, requires proper timing of dosages to favour osteoblast activity

34
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate

Inhibit osteoclast resorption of bone and has toxic effects on osteoclasts
May also inhibit glucocorticoid effects

High affinity for Ca2+

35
Q

Osteoprotegerin

A

Competes with osteoclasts RANK receptors

Binds to RANKL to prevent activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption

36
Q

Denosumab

A

Monoclonal antibody
Competes with osteoclasts RANK recepors

Binds to RANKL to prevent activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption

PMCOL 200 Final (5 decks)

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