Conditions Flashcards
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Inhibitor or mutation in the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 2.
No inactivation of cortisol at kidneys, glucocorticoids have an aldosterone like effect leading to high blood pressure
Addison’s disease
Too little glucocorticoids (and often mineralocorticoids)
Skin discoluration, fatigue, salt/sugar balance problems
Cushing’s Syndrome
Adrenal overactivity
Round face, fat deposition in trunk
Muscle loss and osteroporosis
Addisonian Crisis
Reliance on glucocorticoids has inhibited CRH and ACTH
Little cortisol production, hard to make its own
Primary Hypothyroidism
Defects in thyroid function
High TSH, Low T3, T4
Secondary Hypothyroidism
Defects in anterior pituitary or hypothalamus
Low TSH, Low T3, T4
Grave’s Disease
Autoimmune disease causing hyperthyroidism
Antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland
Detected by anti-TSH receptor antibodies and bulging eyes
Low TSH, High T3, T4
Hashimoto’s Disease
Autoimmune disease causing hypothyroidism
Autoimmunity is causing damage to the thyroid gland
Thyroid Hyperplasia
Overactivity of thyroid from tumour/goiter
Low TSH, High T3, T4
No development of bulging eyes or presence of antibodies
Secondary Hyperthyroidism
Anterior pituitary is excessivly producing TSH
High TSH, High T3, T4
Hypocalcemia
Hyperexcitability, trousseau’s sign. Can develop into seizures, muscle spasms
Can develop secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency, issues with the parathyroid
Hypercalcemia
Loss of excitability, lethargy, coma, pain in bones
Caused by primary hyperthyroidism
Overactivity of parathyroid leads to too much PTH and calcium
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone formation
Increase in bone resorption
Weak bones leading to fractures
Caused by long-term glucocorticoids and hyperparathyroidism
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Skin becomes detached from the underlying tissue and sloughs off the body
Abnormal immune reaction
