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PHA313 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Hemicholinium function

A

Blocks choline uptake (the rate limiting step in ACh synthesis) and depletes ACh

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2
Q

Vesamicol function

A

Affects VAT transporter to prevent ACh from being moved into storage vesicles

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3
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Interferes with ACh release by interacting with axonal proteins involved in this process

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4
Q

Substrate of AChE

A

Methacholine and ACh

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5
Q

Location of AChE

A

CSF, RBC, Gray matter, Cholinergic synapses

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6
Q

Location of BuChE

A

Plasma, Liver, Skin, White Matter, Smooth Muscle of GIT

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7
Q

Function of BuChE

A

Hydrolysis of drugs, ingested esters from plants, butyrylcholine, cetylcholine, etc

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8
Q

Substrates of BuChE

A

Butyrylcholine, Cetylcholine, Procaine, Suxamethoniun

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9
Q

Examples of reversible cholinesterases

A

Edrophonium
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

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10
Q

Examples of irreversible cholinesterases

A

Parathion
Dyflos
Malathion
Propuxur
Exhothiophate

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11
Q

Example of cholinesterase reactivators

A

Pralidoxime

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12
Q

Effects of AChE poisoning

A
  • Regular PNS symptoms
  • Death due to respiratory failure
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13
Q

Treatment of AChE poisoning

A
  • Termination of further exposure
  • Maintain free airway
  • Control convulsion
  • Use atropine
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14
Q

Drug used to diagnose MG

A

Edrophonium

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15
Q

Treatment of MG

A

Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Thymectomy

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16
Q

When is atropine used to treat MG?

A

When unwanted muscarinic side effects are produced from AChE agonists

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17
Q

Types of glaucoma

A

Primary
Secondary
Congenital

18
Q

Treatment of glaucoma

A

Miotics, like pilocarpine, to induce miosis (pupillary construction)

Physostigmine

19
Q

Side effects of pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic effects like blocked accommodation, myopia, loss of vision at margin

20
Q

Long-acting NMB blockers

A

D-turbocurarine
Metocurine
Pancuronium
Doxacurium

21
Q

Short-acting NMB blockers

A

Mivacurium

22
Q

Intermediate-acting NMB blockers

A

Vecuronium
Rocuronium
Atracurium

23
Q

NMB agents based on chemistry

A

Natural alkaloids
Ammonia-steroids
Benzylisoquinolines

24
Q

Examples of alkaloids

A

D-tubocurarine
Alcuronium (synthetic)

25
Q

Ammonia-steroids example

A

Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Rocuronium

26
Q

Difference between Pancuronium and other ammonio-steroids

A

Pancuronium blocks muscarinic receptors, triggering vagal blockade and causing tachycardia.

New agents have less frequency of this side effect.

27
Q

Examples of benzylisoquinolines

A

Atracurium
Mivacurium

28
Q

Peculiarities of Ammonia-steroids

A

Block vagolytic activity, permit histamine release, and allow ganglionic release

29
Q

Peculiarities of benzylisoquinolines

A

They show slight propensity for histamine release and have unusual metabolism

30
Q

Competitive non-depolarizing NMJ blockers

A

D-tubocurarine

31
Q

Depolarizing NMJ blockers

A

Succinylcholine

32
Q

Examples of non-depolarizing NMJ blockers

A

D-tubocurarine
Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Atracurium
Mivacurium

33
Q

Pharmacokinetics of non-depolarizing blockers

A

They are quarternary ammonium compounds, hence, they are poorly absorbed, but rapidly excreted.

34
Q

Examples of depolarizing blockers

A

Succinylcholine

35
Q

Which NMB’s adverse effects is tachycardia?

A

Tubocurarine

36
Q

Which NMB’s adverse effects is bradycardia?

A

Succinylcholine

37
Q

Adverse effects of succinylcholine

A

Bradycardia
Increased intraocular pressure
Prolonged paralysis
Malignant hyperthermia

38
Q

NMBs influence both sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the CVS. True or false? Why?

A

True. Because there are also nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia

39
Q

Clinical application of NMBs

A
  • Skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery
  • Tracheal intubation
  • Control of ventilation
  • Treatment of convulsion
40
Q

Examples of ganglion blockers

A

Tetra ethyl ammonium (TEA)
Mecamylamine
Hexamethonium
Trimetaphan

PHA313 (5 decks)

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