Agonists & Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

Which is more sensitive to agonists, muscarinic or nicotine?

A

Muscarinic

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2
Q

Direct acting ACh agonists

A

ACh
Carbachol
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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3
Q

Therapeutic uses of ACh agonists

A

Glaucoma
Intraocular pressure in surgery
Treat xerostomia
Increase bladder tone and motility, also GIT motility

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4
Q

Acetylcholine is used for treatment of:

A

Myasthenia gravis
Alzheimer’s disease
Reverse the action of muscle relaxants

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5
Q

Ocular side effects of acetylcholine

A

Corneal swelling
Corneal clouding
Corneal decomposition

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6
Q

Systemic side effects of acetylcholine

A

sweating
difficulty in breathing
hypotension
flushing
slow heart rate

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7
Q

Carbachol therapeutic uses

A
  • Treatment of glaucoma
  • Used to constrict the pupils during cataract surgery.
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8
Q

Therapeutic uses of bethanechol

A
  • Increases tone and motility of bladder and GI tract
  • Relaxes sphincters in bladder and GI tract, allowing them to empty
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9
Q

Therapeutic uses of pilocarpine

A
  • Totreat dry mouth caused by radiotherapy in people with head and neck cancerand to treat dry mouth in people with Sjögren’s syndrome
  • Miotics to treat glaucoma byallowing excess fluid to drain from the eye.
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10
Q

Indirect acting agonists

A

Edrophonium
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Echothiophate

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11
Q

General uses of indirect acting agonists

A
  • Cause skeletal muscle contractions; hence, treatment ofmyasthenia gravis
  • Used to reverse anticholinergic poisoning (antidote)
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12
Q

Therapeutic uses of donezepil

A
  • Used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Helps to increase memory and learning capabilities
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13
Q

Side effects of indirect acting agonists

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Cconduction abnormalities
Headache
Dizziness
Loss of binocular accommodation

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14
Q

Which drugs are known to antagonize cholinergic agents, resulting in decreased responses apart from general antagonists?

A

Antihistamines

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15
Q

Depending on the type of receptor to act on, cholinergic antagonists are either classified as

A

muscarinic antagonists or nicotinic antagonists.

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16
Q

Natural ACh antagonists

A

Atropine
Scopolamine

17
Q

Synthetic/semisynthetic ACh antagonists

A

anisotropine clidinium
dicyclomine glycopyrrolate
hexocyclium homatropine
ipratropium isopropamide
oxybutynin propantheline

 tolterodine   tridihexethyl
18
Q

Drug effects of cholinergic antagonists

A

Small doses:Decrease heart rate.
Large doses: Increase heart rate .
Small doses:Decrease tremors.
Large doses:Drowsiness. Hallucinations. Dilated pupils (mydriasis)

Decrease gastric secretion.
Decrease motility and peristalsis.
Increased constriction of internal sphincter causing urinary retention
Decreased bronchial secretions, salivation, sweating.

19
Q

Therapeutic Uses ofCholinergic Antagonists

A
  • It is used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease by decreasing muscle rigidity and power tremors.
  • Low doses: slows the heart rate.
    High doses: increases heart rate
  • Used primarily for cardiovascular disorders
  • Used to treat chronic bronchitis and Asthma
    Peptic ulcer disease.
  • Irritable bowel disease.
  • GI hypersecretory states
20
Q

Atropine is primarily used for

A

Cardiovascular disorders

21
Q

Side effects of ACh antagonists and

A

Irritability
disorientation
Haluccination
Decreased salivation
Decreased sweating
Decreased bronchial secretions