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Hypertension Exam 2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that can increase blood pressure

A

Birth control, nicotine, steroids, appetite, suppressants, tricyclic anti depressants (Effexor) , cyclosporine (sandimmune) , nasal decongestant, NSAIDs herbs(dig flox glov, lo a statin red yeast)

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2
Q

What do ace inhibitors do?

A

Stop the enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme from converting angiotensin, one to angiotensin two

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3
Q

What are diuretics

A

First line treatment for hypertension in heart failure, because I reduce extra cellular fluid volume

Inexpensive
Take early in the day
Monitor wait

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4
Q

Oh, what are the classes of diuretics?

A

Thiazide diuretic
Loop diuretics
Potassium sparing

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5
Q

What are thiazide diuretic?

A

Inhibit, sodium reabsorption and distal tubes of kidneys

HCTZ MACROZIDE, Cholorthalidone, indapamide Lozol, metolozone zaroxolyn

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6
Q

Other thiazide diuretics information

A

How does therapy HCTZ greater than 50, has increased risk of hypokalemia increase uric acid levels and serious cardiovascular outcomes using combination verse, pushing hard does

Watch with patients with hyper lipidemia and get out

Potential for cross sensitivity to sulfa

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7
Q

What are loop diuretics

A

Inhibit reabsorption of sodium in ascending loop of Henle

Potential for crossing certificate with sulfur

Furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide

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8
Q

What are potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Often used in combination with thiazide to help reverse, low, potassium affect

Triamterene, Spira lactone, eplerenone inspra

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9
Q

Pharmacodynamics of ace inhibitors

A

Prevent angiotensin, one to converting to angiotensin two

Can lower vascular resistance with a decreasing cardiac output, a globular filtration rate

Does not Produce reflux tachycardia

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10
Q

What do ace inhibitors do for the kidneys and heart?

A

Reduce cardiovascular and stroke, risk, reduction, heart failure, and slowing renal disease

Improves oxygenation to the heart
Reduces effects of diabetes on the kidneys. It protects the kidneys.

Improves insulin sensitivity does not affect glucose metabolism. Maria’s serum, lipid levels.

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11
Q

Who do you use ace inhibitors for?

A

Young Caucasian patients
Patients with angina decreases pulmonary vascular resistance
Diabetic patients prevents or slows neuropathy
Heart failure patients

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12
Q

What patients are not good with ace inhibitors

A

African-Americans, unless combined with a diuretic
African-Americans in Asians are 3 to 4 times greater risk of developing angioedema

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13
Q

Ace inhibitors contraindications and side effects

A

Dry cough, hypotension, Angoedema, hyperkalemia, pancreatitis, jaundice, rush

Contra indicated in pregnancy

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14
Q

Ace inhibitor monitoring

A

Orthostatic hypertension, within one hour of those and one starting each dosage change

Do not double dose of phone is messed
Hypotension is most common side effect
Call common with older agents
fall risk
Renal failure
Can cause hyperkalemia when paired with HCTZ

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15
Q

Ace and angioedema

A

Call 911
Paleness or flushing of the face
Swelling of the face eyes lips are tongue
Difficulty breathing
Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing
Caused by histamine release

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16
Q

Ace drugs

A

-PRIL

Lisinopril 10-40 daily
Lotensin 10-40
Capotes 25-100 DAILY OR BID
Monopril 10-40

17
Q

what do ARBS DO?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Prevent binding of angiotensin II, receptor’s in kidney brain, heart and artery walls

Can help protect Denise and heart, but is not as well as An ACe

Expensive
Avoiding pregnancy

18
Q

ARB drugs

A

-ARTAN
losartan cozaar 25-100 daily BID
VALSARTAN Diovan 80-320 daily
Omesartan benicar 20-40 daily

19
Q

What are calcium channel blockers

A

Active vasodilators, lowering calcium influx into smooth muscles, which facilitates myocardial, relaxation

20
Q

What are the two classes of calcium channel blockers?

A

Type one Non-dihydropyridines -affect conduction through the AV node

type two dihydropyridines do not affect conduction through the AV node

21
Q

Type two calcium channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridines
-IPINE, IDINE
Procardia
Amlodipine
felodipine

22
Q

Type one calcium channel blockers

A

-
Cardizem, verapamil

23
Q

Calcium channel blocking agents monitoring

A

Constipation?
Verapamil has strong negative inotropic effect we can swap force of the muscle contraction and should be avoided in patients with CHF
Using CCb/ace combination decreases purple demon by 50% versus those on CCB alone

Avoid NSAIDs alcohol being in Jacuzzi
Gerd can get worse

24
Q

What are the three types of beta blockers?

A

Nonspecific beta agonist
Selective beta agonist
Intrinsic Sympathomimetic activityISA

25
Q

Relevance of ISA

A

Able to simulate beta adrenergic receptors agonist effect, and to oppose the stimulating effects of catecholamines antagonist effect in a competitive way, can increase blood pressure

Pindolol acebutolol

26
Q

Beta blocker faCT’s

A

More effective in African-American, an older patients, but use of caution with the elderly

Beta blockers may not be properly withdrawn, increases beta, receptors sensitivity

No longer first line hypertension, drug choice

27
Q

IS a faCT’s

A

Imposed am I patience cardioselective agents are preferred without ISA

Some are used as antiarrhythmics

Drugs with ISA may help avoid a decrease in CO and HR may be preferred for patients who experience bradycardia with other beta blockers

28
Q

Beta blocker drugs

A

Atenolol 25 to 100 mg daily
Bisoprolol 2.5 to 10 mg.
Meta-pro. Lol 50 to 100 today or BID.
Propranolol 40 to 160 mg b.i.d. 60 to 180 mg b.i.d.
Meta-pro. Lol succinate 50 to 100 mg Q day to be ID.

29
Q

What are alpha one blockers

A

Usually used in patients with BPH causes relaxation of smooth muscle

Given at night because of orthostatic hypotension when you getting out of bed

-osin

30
Q

What are essential alpha-2 receptor agonist?

A

Simulate alpha-2 receptors in the brain, to decrease her for assistance and CO

Clonidine 0.1 to 0.8 mg b.i.d. Tid
Catapres one patch weekly 0.1 to 0.3.

31
Q

What are direct vasodilators?

A

Classes are too smooth, muscle relaxation, lowering blood pressure

Hydralazine 25 to 100 mg b.i.d.
Minoxidil 2.5 to 80 mg Q day to be ID.

32
Q

Special population considerations

A

Pediatric
Decisions based on a child’s age, and go ranges of systolic and diastolic falls into percentiles
Complications of hypertension children are seizures in heart failure
Hypertension in children may persistent adulthood
Medication management, same as adult

Geriatric

Tones study showed older patients with hypertension blood pressure can be reduced by Lil sodium diet and weight loss. Many were able to DC meds or reduce number meds.

33
Q

Geriatric population considerations

A

Old people are very sensitive to medication that causes sympathetic inhibition in our group rate, a risk of becoming volume depleted than younger people

34
Q

Special population considerations African-Americans

A

High hypertension, risk factors, low circulating renin levels with excess levels of angio tension two

Endothelial dysfunction as a result of reduce bradykinin nitric oxide

Abnormal, sympathetic, nervous system activation

Higher levels of intracellular, calcium stores

35
Q

Hypertension and diabetic population

A

Hypertension increases cardiovascular risk for diabetes patients

Their blood pressure to be low 140/90

All patient should be encouraged to modify their lifestyle to limit sodium intake lose weight and exercise for 150 minutes a week

All major antihypertensive drug classes are you spell diabetic patient

Ace And Arbs I recommended for the kidney protection

36
Q

Commonly use medication for hypertensive emergency’s

A

Direct vasodilators, such as hydralazine

Nitrates

Calcium channel blockers nicardipine

Sympathy, plegic agents labetalol

Alpha one blockers phentolamine

Ace inhibitors enalapril

Hypertension Exam 2 (2 decks)

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