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Hypertension Exam 2 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary hypertension?

A

Essential hypertension, affects 93% of adults causes unknown contributing factors are environmental and genetic

Idiopathic no identification causes,

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2
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

Secondary to aortic artery stiffing with age 5% of all hypertension causes identified

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3
Q

What are the types of secondary hypertension?

A

Chronic kidney disease, renovascular, hypertension, hypothyroidism, hyper parathyroidism (elevated calcium), pheochromocytoma , sleep, apnea primary aldosteronism (hypok)

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4
Q

What does blood pressure depend on?

A

Strength of the heart pump blood

Resistance of blood vessels

Total volume of blood

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5
Q

BP=

A

Cardiac output CO x peripheral resistance PVR

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6
Q

Where are beta-1 receptors and what do they do?

A

In the heart and kidneys

Regulate heart rate, and contractility impacts CO

Blocking, beta-1, receptors, cause decreased cardiac output and PR
This reduces blood pressure

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7
Q

What do alpha-1 receptors do?

A

During the arterials and venules produce vasoconstriction

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8
Q

What do beta two receptors do

A

Cause vasodilation

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9
Q

Where are baroreceptors and what do they do?

A

Aortic arch in carotids

They since changes in blood pressure and signal brain for blood vessels, constrict

Increase his heart rate in contractility increases blood pressure

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10
Q

RAAS REGULATES?

A

Sodium, potassium, and fluid balance in the body

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11
Q

What is renin?

A

Produced by the kidneys. Is released in response to changes in blood pressure caused by reduce renal perfusion.

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12
Q

What does renin convert?

A

Angiotensin to angiotensin one

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13
Q

What is angiotensin one converted to

A

Oh, it is converted to angiotensin two by a converting enzyme ace

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14
Q

What does angiotensin two do

A

Vasoconstrict
Increases blood pressure
Release of aldosterone from the renal gland

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15
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Retention of sodium and water

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16
Q

What is atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

Hormone released by the heart
Functions as a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption

Increases globular, filtration rate
Decreases reabsorption of sodium
Inhibits release of rain in aldosterone ADH

17
Q

How do you diagnose hypertension

A

Must be confirmed up to three readings at least one week apart

Sent to the ER if systolic blood pressure greater than 180

An elevated systolic blood pressure is higher risk than an elevated diastolic

18
Q

What blood pressure is considered hypertension in adults under age 60

A

140/90

19
Q

What is ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?

A

Recommended for patients with suspected variable blood pressure, for example white coat syndrome, episodic treatment resistance

20
Q

What is a normal blood pressure

A

Less than 120 in less than 80

21
Q

What is an elevated blood pressure?

A

120 to 129 and less than 80

22
Q

What are the two stages of hypertension?

A

Stage one 130 to 139 or 80 to 90
Stage two greater than or equal to 140 or greater than or equal to 90

23
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A

Greater than 180 and or greater than 120

24
Q

If systolic and diastolic falls into 2 cal, what are you do?

A

Use the higher one

25
Q

What are routine diagnostic test for hypertension?

A

Electrocardio gram
What glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin A1c
CMP calcium mg
Complete urine analysis, creatinine estimated glomerular filtration
Liver function test
Fasting glucose
Insulin level

26
Q

What are the goals of drug therapy?

A

Manage, hypertension
Reduce cardiovascular and renal disease
Attain treatment go blood pressure less than 140/90

27
Q

Nonpharmacological and hypertensive treatment

A

Maintain appropriate body weight BMI of 19.5 to 24.9.
Restrict dietary sodium to less than 2.4 g daily.
Increase physical activity
Reduce alcohol consumption

28
Q

Initial drug choice for non-black

A

Thiazide type, diarrhetic or arb or Ace alone, or in combo

29
Q

First drug of choice for blacks

A

Thiazide type diarrhetic or CCb or in combo

30
Q

First line of drug for people with diabetes, a chronic kidney disease

A

Ace or arb or combo

31
Q

What intervention do you do for elevated blood pressure?

A

120 to 129/80
Nonpharmacological
Reassess in 3 to 6 months

32
Q

What intervention do you do for stage one hypertension

A

Nonpharmacological therapy, reassess, blood pressure and 3 to 6 months

Consider first line agents, including thiazide diuretics CCB’s ace or arb

33
Q

What do you do for stage one hypertension with clinical ASCVD

A

Non-from logical therapy
blood pressure, lowering medication,
recess, blood pressure in one month

Blood pressure 130 to 139/80 or 90

34
Q

What do you do for somebody with type two hypertension

A

Nonpharmacological therapy
Blood pressure lowering medication
Reassess in one month

Consider, starting to first line agents of different classes
Average blood pressure greater than 20/10

Blood pressure greater than 140/90

35
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A

Hypertensive emergency and organ damage is present

Systolic or diastolic blood pressure 180/100+

May present with dyspnea Neuro text

Goal is to protect your meeting and organ function, reduce risk of complications, improve outcomeA

Immediate treatment with Ivy antihypertensive agencies needed to salvage Fowlerville tissue

Slowly, reduce blood pressure prevent rebound hypertension

36
Q

What is hypertensive urgency?

A

Crisis without evidence of organ damage

Often due to not adherence or incomplete therapy

Clonidine no longer recommended for urgency due to rebound hypertension

Hypertension Exam 2 (2 decks)

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