Definitions

Question 1

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 1

Essential hypertension, affects 93% of adults causes unknown contributing factors are environmental and genetic

Idiopathic no identification causes,

Question 2

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 2

Secondary to aortic artery stiffing with age 5% of all hypertension causes identified

Question 3

What are the types of secondary hypertension?

Answer 3

Chronic kidney disease, renovascular, hypertension, hypothyroidism, hyper parathyroidism (elevated calcium), pheochromocytoma , sleep, apnea primary aldosteronism (hypok)

Question 4

What does blood pressure depend on?

Answer 4

Strength of the heart pump blood

Resistance of blood vessels

Total volume of blood

Question 5

BP=

Answer 5

Cardiac output CO x peripheral resistance PVR

Question 6

Where are beta-1 receptors and what do they do?

Answer 6

In the heart and kidneys

Regulate heart rate, and contractility impacts CO

Blocking, beta-1, receptors, cause decreased cardiac output and PR
This reduces blood pressure

Question 7

What do alpha-1 receptors do?

Answer 7

During the arterials and venules produce vasoconstriction

Question 8

What do beta two receptors do

Answer 8

Cause vasodilation

Question 9

Where are baroreceptors and what do they do?

Answer 9

Aortic arch in carotids

They since changes in blood pressure and signal brain for blood vessels, constrict

Increase his heart rate in contractility increases blood pressure

Question 10

RAAS REGULATES?

Answer 10

Sodium, potassium, and fluid balance in the body

Question 11

What is renin?

Answer 11

Produced by the kidneys. Is released in response to changes in blood pressure caused by reduce renal perfusion.

Question 12

What does renin convert?

Answer 12

Angiotensin to angiotensin one

Question 13

What is angiotensin one converted to

Answer 13

Oh, it is converted to angiotensin two by a converting enzyme ace

Question 14

What does angiotensin two do

Answer 14

Vasoconstrict
Increases blood pressure
Release of aldosterone from the renal gland

Question 15

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 15

Retention of sodium and water

Question 16

What is atrial natriuretic peptide?

Answer 16

Hormone released by the heart
Functions as a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption

Increases globular, filtration rate
Decreases reabsorption of sodium
Inhibits release of rain in aldosterone ADH

Question 17

How do you diagnose hypertension

Answer 17

Must be confirmed up to three readings at least one week apart

Sent to the ER if systolic blood pressure greater than 180

An elevated systolic blood pressure is higher risk than an elevated diastolic

Question 18

What blood pressure is considered hypertension in adults under age 60

Answer 18

140/90

Question 19

What is ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?

Answer 19

Recommended for patients with suspected variable blood pressure, for example white coat syndrome, episodic treatment resistance

Question 20

What is a normal blood pressure

Answer 20

Less than 120 in less than 80

Question 21

What is an elevated blood pressure?

Answer 21

120 to 129 and less than 80

Question 22

What are the two stages of hypertension?

Answer 22

Stage one 130 to 139 or 80 to 90
Stage two greater than or equal to 140 or greater than or equal to 90

Question 23

What is a hypertensive emergency?

Answer 23

Greater than 180 and or greater than 120

Question 24

If systolic and diastolic falls into 2 cal, what are you do?

Answer 24

Use the higher one

Question 25

What are routine diagnostic test for hypertension?

Answer 25

Electrocardio gram What glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin A1c CMP calcium mg Complete urine analysis, creatinine estimated glomerular filtration Liver function test Fasting glucose Insulin level

Question 26

What are the goals of drug therapy?

Answer 26

Manage, hypertension Reduce cardiovascular and renal disease Attain treatment go blood pressure less than 140/90

Question 27

Nonpharmacological and hypertensive treatment

Answer 27

Maintain appropriate body weight BMI of 19.5 to 24.9. Restrict dietary sodium to less than 2.4 g daily. Increase physical activity Reduce alcohol consumption

Question 28

Initial drug choice for non-black

Answer 28

Thiazide type, diarrhetic or arb or Ace alone, or in combo

Question 29

First drug of choice for blacks

Answer 29

Thiazide type diarrhetic or CCb or in combo

Question 30

First line of drug for people with diabetes, a chronic kidney disease

Answer 30

Ace or arb or combo

Question 31

What intervention do you do for elevated blood pressure?

Answer 31

120 to 129/80 Nonpharmacological Reassess in 3 to 6 months

Question 32

What intervention do you do for stage one hypertension

Answer 32

Nonpharmacological therapy, reassess, blood pressure and 3 to 6 months Consider first line agents, including thiazide diuretics CCB’s ace or arb

Question 33

What do you do for stage one hypertension with clinical ASCVD

Answer 33

Non-from logical therapy blood pressure, lowering medication, recess, blood pressure in one month Blood pressure 130 to 139/80 or 90

Question 34

What do you do for somebody with type two hypertension

Answer 34

Nonpharmacological therapy Blood pressure lowering medication Reassess in one month Consider, starting to first line agents of different classes Average blood pressure greater than 20/10 Blood pressure greater than 140/90

Question 35

What is a hypertensive emergency?

Answer 35

Hypertensive emergency and organ damage is present Systolic or diastolic blood pressure 180/100+ May present with dyspnea Neuro text Goal is to protect your meeting and organ function, reduce risk of complications, improve outcomeA Immediate treatment with Ivy antihypertensive agencies needed to salvage Fowlerville tissue Slowly, reduce blood pressure prevent rebound hypertension

Question 36

What is hypertensive urgency?

Answer 36

Crisis without evidence of organ damage Often due to not adherence or incomplete therapy Clonidine no longer recommended for urgency due to rebound hypertension