Drugs Flashcards
Cetirizine
H1 receptor antagonist
Receptors: skin, blood vessels, CNS, bronchi
used to reverse or prevent itching, vasodilation, nausea, and bronchoconstriction
Promethiazine
H1 receptor antagonist
Receptors: skin, blood vessels, CNS, bronchi
used to reverse or prevent itching, vasodilation, nausea, and bronchoconstriction
Ranitidine
H2 receptor antagonists
Receptors located in parietal cells of stomach
Reduce gastric acid secretion
Sumatriptan
5-HT 1B and 1D agonist
Receptors: cerebral blood vessels
prevent dilation of cerebral blood vessels in treatment or prevention of migraine
Ondansetron
5-HT3 antagonists
Receptor: stomach and chemoreceptor trigger zone
treat or prevent nausea/emesis during chemotherapy
Salbutamol
Selective B2- receptor
Bronchodilation
Beta-blockers
Prevent beta1-receptors on the heart from being overly stimulated by endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline
Naloxone
Competitive Opioid antagonist
Displaces the opioid at the opioid receptors and reverse the effects
Buprenorphine
Analgesia - opioid receptors
Partial agonist - has a ceiling effect
Difficult to overdose on
Morphine
‘gold standard’
opioid agonist
Range of dose forms
codeine
opioid agonists
analgesia, cough suppression, anti-diarrhoeal agent
methadone
opioid agonist
long half-life
fentanyl
analgesia - acute pain
opioid agonist
fast onset, very potent
Naloxone
Competitive opioid antagonist
reversal of opioid overdose
Tramadol
weak opioid agonist
inhibits noradrenaline reuptake and stimulation of seretonin release
less constipation and resp effects
furosemide
loop diuretic
reduces sodium reabsorption
risk of hypokalaemia
bendrofluazide
thiazide diuretic
hypokalaemia, increase glucose and uric acid
Amiloride
potassium sparing diuretic
hyperkalaemia
caution with ACE inhibitors + other drugs that retain potassium
felodipine
CCB
block calcium channel inhibiting or reducing smooth muscle contraction in the heart and blood vessels
vasodilation
Angina and HTN
amlodopine
CCB
block calcium channel inhibiting or reducing smooth muscle contraction in the heart and blood vessels
vasodilation
Angina and HTN
Verapamil
CCB
block calcium channel inhibiting or reducing smooth muscle contraction in the heart and blood vessels
vasodilation, reduce myocardial activity
Angina and HTN
Penicllin
Beta-lactam ring
Cell wall inhibitor - prevent transpeptidation by inhibiting the enzymes that cause peptidoglycan units to cross-link in the cell wall matrix
