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Paramedicine > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Methoxyflurane

Contraindications

A
  1. Pre-existing kidney disease

2. Known to malignant hyperthermia

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2
Q

Methoxyflurane

Pharmacology

A

Inhalation of analgesic agent at low concentrations

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3
Q

Methoxyflurane
Presentation
Indications
Effects:

A

3 mL glass bottle
Pain Relief
25 minutes of pain relief
and comences after 8-10 breaths and lasts 3-5 minutes

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4
Q

Morphine

Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity
  2. 2nd Late stage labour
  3. Renal Impairment/ Failure
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5
Q

Morphine

Pharmacology

A

Opiod analgesic
CNS depression
Depression of cough reflex
Changes of mood

Vasodilation
Decrease conduction velocity through AV node

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6
Q

Morphine

Indications

A

Pain relief
Sedation to maintain intubation
Sedation to facilitate intubation (fentanyl not appropriate)

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7
Q

Morphine

Presentation

A

10mg in 1mL glass ampoule

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8
Q

Morphine

Effects

A

IV:
Onset: 2-5 minutes
Peak: 10 minutes:
Duration: 1-2 hours

IM:
Onset: 10-30 mins
Peak: 30-60 mins
Duration: 1-2 hours

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9
Q

Oxytocin

Presentation

A

10 units (IU) in 1 mL glass ampoule

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10
Q

Oxytocin

Pharmacology

A

Stimulates smooth muscle of the uterus producing contraction

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11
Q

Oxytocin

Indication

A
  1. Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)
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12
Q

Oxytocin

Contraindications

A
  1. Previous Hypersensitivity
  2. Sever toxaemia (pre-eclampsia)
  3. Exclude multiple pregnancy before drug administration
  4. Cord prolapse
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13
Q

Oxytocin
Route
Effects

A

Route: IM
Effect:
Onset: 2-4 minutes
Duration: 30-60 minutes

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14
Q

Fentanyl

Presentation

A

100 mcg in 2 mL glass ampoule

250 mcg in 1 mL glass ampoule or cartridge (IN only)

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15
Q

Fentanyl

Pharmacology

A

Opiod analgesic
CNS depression:
Depression of cough reflex
depression leading to analgesia

Decrease conduction velocity through AV node

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16
Q

Fentanyl

Contraindications

A
  1. History of hypersensitivity

2. Late second stage of labour

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17
Q

Fentanyl

Route

A

IV
IN
IV INFUSION

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18
Q

Fentanyl

Indications:

A
  1. Sedation to maintain intubation
  2. Analgesia
  3. Severe headache
  4. Known Renal impairment
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19
Q

Fentanyl

Effects:

A

IV:
Onset: Immediate
Peak: <5 minutes
Duration: 30-60 minutes

IM:
Peak: 2 minutes

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20
Q

Fentanyl

Doses for pain relief

A

IV: 50 mcg at 5-minute intervals ALS consult after 200mcg
IN: 200 mcg repeat up to 50 mcg at 5 minute intervals (Max 400mcg IN
OR 100 mcg for frail <60 kg repeat 50 mcg at 5 minute intervals
IM: 100 mcg repeat 50 mcg after 15 minutes: OR 1mcg/kg for frail no repeat dose

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21
Q

Morphine

Doses for pain relief

A

IV: up to 5mg at 5 minute intervals (consult after 20mg intervals ALS)
IM: 10mg repeat 5 mg after 15 minutes
OR 0.1 mg/kg frail

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22
Q

Ketamine

Doses

A

IN: 75mg- repeat at 50 mg at 20 minute intervals - no max dose

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23
Q

Ketamine

Pharmacology

A

Anaesthetic agent

Works with the NMDA receptors. Produces a trance like dissociative state with amnesia.

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24
Q

Ketamine

Indication

A 
Intubation
Analgesia
Sedation 
-agitation
-patient movement during CPR
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25
Q

Ketamine

Contraindications

A

Suspected non-traumatic brain injury with severe hypertension >180

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26
Q

Ketamine

Effects

A 
Onset:
IM -3-4 minutes
IN: 5 minutes
Peak:
IN: 20 minutes
Duration:
IM: 12-25 minutes
IN: 45 minutes
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27
Q

Adrenaline

Presentation

A

1 mg in 1mL glass ampoule

1mg in 10mL glass ampoule

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28
Q

Adrenaline

Pharmacology

A

A naturally occurring alpha and beta-adrengic stimulant
Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate
Increases conduction velocity through the AV node
Increases myocardial contractility
Increases the irritability of the ventricles
Causes BRONCHODILATION
Causes peripheral vasconstriction

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29
Q

Adrenaline

Indications

A
  1. Cardiac arrest VF/VT Aystole or PEA
  2. Inadequate perfusion
  3. Bradycardia with poor perfusion
  4. Anaphlauxis
  5. Severe asthma -not responding to nebulised therapy or unconscious with no BP
  6. Croup
30
Q

Adrenaline

Contraindications

A

1.Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement

31
Q

Adrenaline

Routes

A 
IV
IM
Nebulised
IV Infusion
IO
32
Q

Adrenaline

Effects:

A 
IV:
Onset: 30 seconds
Peak: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 5-10 minutes
IM: 
Onset: 30-90 secounds
Peak: 4-10 minutes
Duration: 5-10 Minutes
33
Q

Adrenaline Doses

A
  1. 500 mcg IM repeat at 5/60 max 1.5
34
Q

Ondansetron

Presentation

A

4mg Orally tablet

8mg in 4ml glass ampoule

35
Q

Ondansetron

Pharmacology

A

Actions: 5HT3 antagonist which blocks receptors both centrally and peripherally

36
Q

Ondansetron

Contraindications

A
  1. Patients currently recieving apomorphine
37
Q

Ondansetron

Effects:

A 
Oral:
Onset: 2 minutes
Peak: 20 minutes
Duration: 120 minutes
IV: 
Onset: 5 minutes
Peak: 10 minutes
Duration: between 2.5 and 6.1 hours
38
Q

Dexamethasone

Presentation

A

8mg in 2mL glass vial

39
Q

Dexamethasone

Presentation

A

8mg in 2mL glass vial

40
Q

Dexamethasone

Pharmacology

A

A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Actions: Relieves inflammatory reactions
Provides immunosuprresion

41
Q

Dexamethasone

Pharmacology

A

A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Actions: Relieves inflammatory reactions
Provides immunosuprresion

42
Q

Dexamethasone

Contraindication

A

1.Known Hypersensitivity

43
Q

Dexamethasone
Route
Effects

A 
IV 
EFFECTS:
Onset: 30-60 minutes
Peak: 2 hours
Duration: 36-72
44
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Presentation

A

0.3 mg tablet
0.6 Tablets
Transdermal GTN patch (50mg)

45
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Pharmacology

A

Vascular smooth muscle relaxant
Venous dilation promotes venous pooling and reduces venous return
Arterial DILATION reduces vascular resistance
Reduces myocardial 02 demand
Reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure

46
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Indications

A
  1. Chest pain with ACS
  2. Acute LVF
  3. Hypertension associated with ACS
  4. Autonomic dysreflexia
  5. Preterm labour
47
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Contraindications

A

(2 Blood pressure. 5 Heart. Hypersensitivity and Viagra )

  1. Hypersensitivity
  2. Systolic blood pressure <110 mmHg tablet
  3. Systolic blood pressure <90mmHg patch
  4. Heart Rate >150bpm
  5. Bradycardia HR <50bpm (excluding autonomic dysreflexia)
  6. VT
  7. Inferior STEMI with systolic BP <160 mmHg
  8. Right ventricular MI
  9. Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) administration in the previous 24 hour or tadalafil administration in the previous 4 days
48
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Route

A

SL
Buccal
Transddermal

49
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Effects:

A

S/L effects:
Onset: 30sec-2 minutes
Peak: 5-10 minutes
Duration 15-30 minutes

Transdermal effect
Onset: up to 30 minutes
Peak: 2 hours

50
Q

Glycerl Trinitate

Doses

A 
600mcg S/L if SBP >110 
OR 
300mcg S/L
Repeat at 5 minute interbals
GTN PATCH:
50mg (0.4 mg/hr) remove if falls under <90 systolic
51
Q

Paracetamol

Pharmacology

A

Analgesic

Exact mechanism of action unclear, thought to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS

52
Q

Paracetamol

Presentation

A

500mg tablets
120 mg in 5mL oral
1000mg in 100 mL soft pack

53
Q

Paracetamol

Contraindications

A
  1. Children <1 month of age
  2. Paracetamol already administered in the past 4 hours.
  3. Total paracetamol intake within past 24 hours exceeding 4g (adults) or 60mg/kg (children)
  4. CHEST PAIN suspected in ACS
54
Q

Paracetamol

Route

A

IV

ORAL

55
Q

Paracetamol

Effects

A

Oral
Onset: 30 minutes
Peak: N/A
Duration: 4 hours

56
Q

Paracetamol

Doses

A

Paracetamol Orally 1000mg

57
Q

What is more preferred morphine or fentanyl

A

Fentanyl has an immediate onset time whereas morphine takes 2-5 minutes.
Fentanyl peak is a lot shorter than morphine and doesn’t last as long which can decrease further complications down the road as they are both respiratory depressants (causing apnoea) and decrease the conduction velocity through the av node.

58
Q

Paracetamol

Doses

A

1000 mg orally

59
Q

Salbutamol

Presentation

A

5 mg in 2.5 mL polyamp

pMDI (100mcg per actuation)

60
Q

Salbutamol

Pharmacology

A

Synthetic beta-adrenergic stimulant with primary beta 2 effects
Actions causes bronchodilation (keeps the lungs open)

61
Q

Salbutamol

Indications

A 
Asthma
Severe allergic reactions
COPD
smoke inhalation
Oleoresin capsicum exposure
62
Q

Salbutamol

Contraindications

A

NONE

63
Q

Salbutamol
Route
Effects

A 
Pmdi 
Nebulised
Nebulized effects:
Onset 5-15 minutes
Peak: N/a
Duration 15-50 minutes
64
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

Presentation

A

250 mcg in 1 mL nebule or polyamp

65
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

Pharmacology

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator
Allows for bronchodilation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone
blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction
OPENS UP THE LUNGS

66
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives
67
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

Effects

A

Onset: 3-5 minutes
Peak: 1.5-2 hours
Duration: 6 hours

68
Q

Aspirin

Presentation

A

300mg chewable tablets

300mg soluble or water

69
Q

Aspirin

Pharmacology

A

Analegesic, antipyretic
Actions:
To minimize platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of artery thrombosis in ACS
Inhibits synthesis of anti-inflammatory actions
Decrease chance of clotting
decreasing turbulant blood flow and increasing laminar flow

70
Q

Aspirin

Contraindications

A

(SCHAB)

  1. Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm
  2. Chest pain associated with pyschostimulant OD if SBP >160 mmHg
  3. Hypersensitivity
  4. Actively bleeding peptic ulcers
  5. Bleeding disorders.
71
Q

Aspirin
Indications
Route
Effects

A 
ACS
Oral
Onset: n/a
Peak: n/a
Duration: 8-10 days
72
Q

Aspirin

Dose

A

300mg tablet

Paramedicine (3 decks)

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