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PSA > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are P450 enzyme inhibitors?

A 
isoniazid
erythromycin
sertraline
ciprofloxacin
acute alcohol intake
sodium valproate
fluoxetine
ketoconazole
allopurinol
omeprazole
fluconazole
amiodarone
cimetidine
ritonavir
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2
Q

What are P450 enzyme inductors?

A 
phenobarbitone
chronic alcohol intake
carbamazepine
rifampicin
phenytoin
St John's Wort
smoking
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3
Q

What are the recommended doses for adrenaline?

A

< 6 months: 150 micrograms (0.15ml 1 in 1,000)
6 months - 6 years: 150 micrograms (0.15ml 1 in 1,000)
6-12 years: 300 micrograms (0.3ml 1 in 1,000)
Adult and child > 12 years: 500 micrograms (0.5ml 1 in 1,000)

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4
Q

Which drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

methotrexate
nitrofurantoin
amiodarone
Dopamine receptor agonists

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5
Q

Which drugs are hepatotoxic?

A 
sodium valproate
amiodarone
sulfonylureas
pioglitazone
rifampicin
methotrexate
phenytoin
isoniazid
ciclosporin
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6
Q

Which drugs cause bronchospasm?

A

beta-blockers

adenosine

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7
Q

Which drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

A 
ACE inhibitors
amiloride
heparin
angiotensin II receptor blockers
spironolactone
ciclosporin
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8
Q

Which drugs cause hypotension?

A 
verapamil
isosorbide mononitrate
diltiazem
levodopa
bromocriptine
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9
Q

Which conditions do NSAIDs worsen?

A

urinary retention

psoriasis

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10
Q

Which drugs cause impaired glucose tolerance?

A 
thiazides, furosemide (less common)
steroids
tacrolimus, ciclosporin
interferon-alpha
nicotinic acid
antipsychotics
(beta blockers slightly)
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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of heparin?

A

bleeding
thrombocytopenia
osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures
hyperkalaemia - this is thought to be caused by inhibition of aldosterone secretion

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12
Q

What are rare adverse effects of sulfonlyureas?

A 
Hypoglycaemic episodes 
Weight gain 
hyponatraemia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
bone marrow suppression
hepatotoxicity (typically cholestatic)
peripheral neuropathy
Avoided in breastfeeding and pregnancy
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13
Q

Which drugs cause myelosuppression/agranulocytosis?

A 
azathioprine
methotrexate
phenytoin
carbamazepine
carbimazole
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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of statins?

A

Myopathy
Liver impairment
Not to be taken during pregnancy
Macrolides are an interaction

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15
Q

What dose of statins are recommended?

A

atorvastatin 20mg for primary prevention
increase the dose if non-HDL has not reduced for >= 40%
atorvastatin 80mg for secondary prevention

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16
Q

What are the managements for different situations with warfarin?

A

Situation Management
Major bleeding Stop warfarin
Give intravenous vitamin K 5mg
Prothrombin complex concentrate - if
INR > 8.0
Minor bleeding Stop warfarin
Give intravenous vitamin K 1-3mg
Repeat dose of vitamin K if INR still too high after 24 hours
Restart warfarin when INR < 5.0
INR > 8.0
No bleeding Stop warfarin
Give vitamin K 1-5mg by mouth, using the intravenous preparation orally
Repeat dose of vitamin K if INR still too high after 24 hours
Restart when INR < 5.0
INR 5.0-8.0
Minor bleeding Stop warfarin
Give intravenous vitamin K 1-3mg
Restart when INR < 5.0
INR 5.0-8.0
No bleeding Withhold 1 or 2 doses of warfarin
Reduce subsequent maintenance dose

17
Q

What are the contraindications for beta blockers?

A

uncontrolled heart failure
asthma
sick sinus syndrome
concurrent verapamil use: may precipitate severe bradycardia

18
Q

Which drugs cause hyponatraemia?

A 
loop diuretics
thiazides
sodium valproate
sulfonylureas
carbamazepine
19
Q

What are the adverse effects of thiazolididiones?

A 
weight gain
liver impairment: monitor LFTs
fluid retention - therefore contraindicated in heart failure. The risk of fluid retention is increased if the patient also takes insulin
increased risk of fractures
bladder cancer
20
Q

Which drugs cause hypertension?

A

corticosteroids
ciclosporin
combined oral contraceptive pill

PSA (2 decks)

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