Drugs

Question 1

Morphine, Fentanyl, Sufentanil, & Alfentanil

1. What drug class
2. Use
3. ADE

Answer 1

1. Opioid
2. Use:
   - Sedation
   - Analgesic to relieve pre-op and post-op pain
3. ADEs:
   - CNS depression, resulting in resp depression or distress
   - Delays Awakening following sx/procedure
   - Can result in post-op constipation & urinary retention
   - Can trigger nausea and vomiting

Question 2

Benzodiazepines

1. What are the drugs
2. Use
3. ADEs

Answer 2

1. • Diazepam
     - Midazolam
2. • Reduces anxiety pre-op
     - promotes amnesia
     - produces mild sedation w/ little-to-moderate resp depression w/ careful titration
3. ADEs:
   - cardiac and respiratory arrest

Question 3

Antiemetics

1. What are the drugs
2. Use
3. ADEs

Answer 3

1. • Ondansetron
     - Metoclopramide
     - Promethazine
2. Use:
   - decrease post-anesthesia nausea & vomiting
   - enhances gastric emptying (metoclopramide)
   - induces sedation (promethazine)
   - decreases the risk of aspiration
3. ADEs:
   - Dry mouth
   - Dizziness
   - Respiratory depression and apnea (promethazine)

Question 4

Atropine and Glycopurrolate

1. What drug class
2. Use
3. ADEs
4. Contraindication

Answer 4

1. Anticholinergics
2. Use:
   - Decreases risk of bradycardia during sx due to parasympathetic response to surgical manipulation
   - Blocks muscarinic response to acetylcholine by decreasing salivation, perspiration, bowel motility, and GI secretions
   - Decreases the risk of aspiration
3. ADEs
   - Urinary retention, difficulty starting urination
   - Tachycardia
   - Dry Mouth
4. Contraindicated w/ Glaucoma

Question 5

Phenobarbital and Secobarbital

1. What drug class
2. Use
3. ADEs
4. Contraindications

Answer 5

1. Sedatives
2. Use:
   - sedation
   - induction of general anesthesia
3. ADEs
   - respiratory depression
4. Contraindicated w/ MAOIs — AVOID giving within 14 days of starting or stopping MAOI

Question 6

Succinylcholine and Vecuronium

1. What drug class
2. Use
3. ADEs

Answer 6

1. Neuromuscular blocking agents
2. Use:
   - skeletal muscle relaxation for sx
   - airway placement
3. ADEs:
   - total flaccid paralysis
   - requires mechanical ventilation b/c it blocks contraction of all muscles, including the diaphragm and resp system

Question 7

Reverses respiratory depression resulting from an opioid medication

Answer 7

Naloxone

Question 8

What is administered to reverse effects of a benzodiazepine?

Answer 8

Flumazenil

Question 9

What is a drug that treats bradycardia?

Answer 9

Atropine ~ anti-cholinergic