Drug Used in Sports - 2.4

Question 1

Start of amphetamines and anabolic steroids being used

Answer 1

1950’s

Question 2

First steroid testing

Answer 2

1976

Question 3

Surprise testing at Pan Am games

Answer 3

1983

Question 4

Ben Johnson stripped of gold medal after positive steroid test

Answer 4

1988

Question 5

World Drug Anti-Doping Agency established

Answer 5

1999

Question 6

Balco Labs raided

Answer 6

2003

Question 7

Marion Jones admit to drug use and sentenced to jail for perjury

Answer 7

2007

Question 8

Lance Armstrong stripped of 7 titles for doping

Answer 8

2012

Question 9

Russian athletes at Rio Olympics were banned due to doping

Answer 9

2016

Question 10

Why are Amphetamines used in sports?

Answer 10

They are powerful psychomotor stimulants which produce an increase in alertness, a feeling of power, reduced fatigue, increased aggression, and increased responsiveness.

• increases heart rate and blood p
• contribute to increased endurance and speed

Question 11

What happens if an athlete takes a large dose of amphetamines?

Answer 11

• fatal increase in blood p

- athlete will experience a low/crash

Question 12

Anabolic Steroids

Answer 12

• used to increase muscle mass and strength in football, weight lifting, running, gymnastics
• reduced androgenic effects (effect on secondary male sex characteristics) but maintain anabolic effects (build muscle mass)

EX. Testosterone

Question 13

How do anabolic steroids work?

Answer 13

• produce anti-catabolic response, protein in muscles that are usually fuel for training will be blocked by steroid.
• result in protein production so protein supplementation is important
• produce aggressive behaviour called roid rage

Question 14

Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Males

Answer 14

• large doses with high protein diet yields significant increase in lean body mass, body weight, and strength
• aggressive behaviour induced

Question 15

Effects of Anabolic Steroid in Females

Answer 15

• increased in facial/body hair
• lowered voice
• enlarged clitoris and increased libido
• amenorrhea
• coarser skin and acne
• increased aggression

Question 16

What are some toxicities that can occur with the use of anabolic steroids?

Answer 16

reduced testosterone levels, altered liver function (hepatitis, liver failure, mood swings, cardiovascular disease, severe acne

Question 17

How are testosterone levels reduced?

Answer 17

Steroids block release of gonadotropin releasing hormone which leads to reduction in testosterone levels and sperm production

Question 18

How are users of steroids at a high risk for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 18

steroids increase plasma levels of low density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol) and decrease levels of high density lipoproteins (good cholesterol)

Question 19

Benzodiazepines

Answer 19

used to reduce anxiety during competitions

Question 20

Growth Hormone

Answer 20

increased muscle mass; strength.

not as effective as anabolic steroids

may enhance tissue repair

not easily detected

Question 21

Blood Doping

Answer 21

reinfusion of athlete’s own red blood cells before competition

• can be detected by measuring age of red blood cells

Question 22

Erythropoietin

Answer 22

hormone that increases amount of red blood cells produced by body

• inappropriate use can result in stroke and heart attacks
• can be detected by determining hematocrit levels

Question 23

Diuretics

Answer 23

• enhance excretion of salt and water through kidneys
• used to reduce body water to allow athletes to compete at lower weight class
• toxicity associated with excess electrolyte and water depletion (blood p drop and heart/kidney failure)