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Crim Y3 CORE 2 > Drug Trafficking > Flashcards

Drug Trafficking Flashcards

1
Q

Define D.T?
(Who?)

A

A global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
UNODC

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2
Q

4 examples of illicit drugs trafficked globally?

A

Cannabis
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Heroin

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3
Q

Estimated value of D.T Market?
(Who, Year?)

A

$320 Bln
UNODC, 2020

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4
Q

Way of addressing D.T with Direct Methods?

A

Interdiction
- The interception of illicit drugs before they reach local dealers and consumers

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5
Q

Way of addressing D.T with Indirect Methods?

A

Attacking the supply & demand for drugs

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6
Q

Way of addressing D.T with Alternative Methods?

A

Decriminalisation & Legalisation

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7
Q

What are the 5 stages of Drug Trafficking?

A

Cultivation
Production
Trafficking
distribution
Consumption

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8
Q

History of D.T?
(Dates in order)

A
  • Early 20th century: Market began to grow
  • 1960’s: Drug Trade too flight
  • 1971: Nixon, declares War on Drugs
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9
Q

5 associated issues with Drug Trafficking?

A

Organised Crime
Economic Issues
Violence
Corruption
Money Laundering

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10
Q

What is the estimated profit and sales made of Cocaine in 2009?
(Who, Year?)

A

$84 Bln
Mainly generated in North America & West, Central Europe.
UNODC, 2011

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11
Q

Cocaine is grown in what region and what 3 countries grown it in %
(Who, year?)

A

Andean Region
- Peru (38%)
- Colombia (43%)
- Bolivia (19%)
UNODC, 2011

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12
Q

The United Nations held 3 major conventions for combating D.T, What are they?
(Years?)

A
  • The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)
  • The Convention on Psychotropic substances (1971)
  • The Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)
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13
Q

name 4 countries that have come to decriminalise certain aspects of the drug trade?
(years?)

A

Netherlands, 1976
Portugal, 2001
Mexico, 2006
Colombia, ??

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14
Q

what have Portugal done with their form of decriminalisation of D.T?

A
  • Possession & consumption for personal use became decriminalised
  • Technically remain an administrative offence
  • Offender would not be arrested
  • Focus on REHABILITATION
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15
Q

What have Mexico done with decriminalisation of D.T?

A
  • Law against small Drug Traffickers
  • Decriminalises the possession of small amount of certain drugs
  • Cultivation, production, trafficking and selling remain illegal
  • Law has proven NON-SUCCESSFUL
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16
Q

what would legalisation of Drug Trafficking mean?

A

Means that all aspects of the drug trade become legal, apart from the violence that comes with it.

17
Q

4 things that come with the legalisation of D.T?

A
  • Criminal profits would plummet
  • Drug prices would likely drop
  • Violence would decrease
  • Legalisation would have to be universal
18
Q

What did the Single Convention of Narcotic Drugs (year?) introduce and bring.
(2 things)

A

Introduced a more prohibited ethos to the issue of drug control.
Useful when constructing a narrative of successful containment of the the world drug problem.
1961.

19
Q

2 facts about the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (year?)

A
  • 144 psychotropic substances are controlled.
  • Adopted to limit the diversion and abuse of certain psychotropic substances, such as hallucinogens, which has resulted in public health and social problems in some countries.
    1971
20
Q

4 things that the Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (year?) provided?

A
  • Provided comprehensive measures against drug trafficking.
  • Provides International cooperation through, extraditions of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries, and transfer proceedings.
    1988.
21
Q

What is UNODC?

A

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

22
Q

What is INCB?

A

International Narcotic Control Board

23
Q

What is UNICRI?

A

United Nations Interregional Crime and justice Research Institute

24
Q

What is UNESCO?

A

United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organisation

25
Q

What is Interpol?

A

International Criminal Police Organisation

26
Q

all 4 citations of UNODC?

A
  • UNODC, 2011
  • UNODC, 2018
  • UNODC, 2020
  • UNODC, 2022
27
Q

5 citations that do not include UNODC?

A
  • INCB, 1998
  • Cave, 2012
  • Bewley-Taylor & Jelsma, 2012
  • INICRI, 2020
  • INCB, 2022
28
Q

between 06-11 how many deaths in Mexico alone due to drug trafficking?
(Who, Year?)

A

47,000 drug trafficked related deaths
Cave, 2012

29
Q

define INCB?
(year?)

A

An Independent and quasi-judicial monitoring body for the implementation of the UN’s drug control conventions.
2022

30
Q

what does UNICRI aim to do?

A

Aims to assist and guide countries and their governments to enhance their capacities in detecting, investigating and prosecuting all forms of illicit trafficking.

31
Q

2020, estimated how many people aged 15 - 64 had used drugs in the last 12 months?
(Who, Year?)

A

284 million
UNODC, 2022

Crim Y3 CORE 2 (3 decks)

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