Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharm exam 3 > drug therapy for asthma and bronchoconstriction > Flashcards

drug therapy for asthma and bronchoconstriction Flashcards

1
Q

bronchoconstrictive disorder

A

airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoconstriction, inflammation, mucosal edema, excessive mucus production (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

asthma is caused by

A

genetic IgE hypersensitivity reaction, can occur at any age, more common in African American and hispanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

asthma is stimulated by

A

viral infections, environmental irritants, stress/ emotion, strenuous activity, temp/weather changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pathophysiology of asthma

A

muscle constriction narrows airways, inflammatory response (mast cells, cytokines releases, inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is considered mild to moderate asthma

A

recurrent and reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is considered advanced or severe asthma

A

less revisable, chronic inflammation, structural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

s/sx of asthma attack (bronchoconstriction, inflammation, hyperresponsiveness)

A

dyspnea, wheezing, chronic cough, peak expiratory flow rate decrease (PEFR), vary moderate to severe symptoms, acute flare lasts mins-hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is status asthmaticus

A

acute severe asthma, doesn’t respond to usual treatments, severe respiratory distress, life threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two other bronchocontrictiive disorders similar to asthma are

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

frequent productive cough more than 3 months/year x2 years, increased mucus leads to airway narrowing, chronic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is emphysema

A

enlargement and destruction of alveoli r/t long term lung damage, loss of elasticity and surface area, carbon dioxide trapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

s/sx of chronic bronchitis

A

airway flow problem, cyanotic, recurrent cough & increased sputum production, hypoxia, hypercapnia (increased pCO2), respiratory acidosis, increased hub, high RR,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

s/sx of emphysema

A

increase CO2 retention, minimal cyanosis, purse lip breathing, dyspnea, barrel chest, speaks in short jerky sentences, anxious, use of accessory muscles to breathe, thin appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is what

A

a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, usually develops with long standing exposure to airway irritants (ex. cigarette smoke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of COPD

A

more constant/ less reversible, dyspnea, activity intolerance, air trapping in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F. there re no long term side effects from asthma

A

false; chronic asthma leads to structural changes (fibrosis, enlarged smooth muscle cells, enlarged mucous glands) known as airway remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

patients with bronchoconstrictive disorders will report difficulty with which if the following?

A

exhaling; bronchoconstrictive disorders are known to make exhalation difficult because excess mucus and airway narrowing from inflammation makes it difficult for air to exit the alveoli (air trapping)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

goals for bronchoconstrictive disorders

A

prevent airway inflammation, minimize use of “rescue drugs”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

main treatments for bronchoconstrictive disorders

A

bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of bronchodilators

A

adrenergic, anticholinergics, xanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

examples of anti-inflammatory

A

corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, most cell stabilizes, immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

administering bronchodilators is most effective by

A

inhalation, and the treatment of first choice to relieve acute asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bronchoconstrictive disorder drugs used for asthma management

A

beta 2 adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

two general types of inhaled beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A

rescue inhalant and maintenance inhalant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are rescue inhalants
medications used during periods of acute symptoms and exacerbations (quick relief, short acting drugs)
26
what are maintenance inhalants
medications used to achieve and maintain prophylactic control of persistent asthma (long term control drug)
27
example meds of beta 2 adrenergic agonists
albuterol (rescue) and salmeterol (maintenance)
28
beta 2 adrenergic agonists stimulate
beta adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles, stimulate production of cyclic AMP, the increase cyclic AMP produces bronchodilation
29
uses of beta 2 adrenergic agonists
treat or prevent bronchoconstriction, can be use din children and adults, large doses used In critical care short term, available as nebulizer/ MDI/ oral
30
adverse effects of beta 2 adrenergic agonists
muscle tremor, cardiac stimulation(tachycardia), CNS stimulation (insomnia, anxiety)
31
contraindications for beta 2 adrenergic agonists
dysrhythmias, CAD, HTN
32
nursing considerations for beta 2 adrenergic agonists
with beta blockers may cause bronchospasm, thyroid hormones, theophylline, cold meds, caffeine increase stimulatory effects
33
patient teaching for beta 2 adrenergic agonists
use bronchodilator inhaler first, wait 5 mins between inhalers, do not overuse rescue inhaler, do not skip or over maintenance inhalers, proper use of MDI
34
anticholinergics examples meds
ipratropium
35
how does ipratropium work
block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
36
ipratropium is what kind of therapy
maintenance for bronchoconstriction r/t asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
37
ipratropium is available in what forms
nebulizer or MDI
38
uses of anticholinergics
prevent bronchoconstriction, not effective for acute attack
39
adverse effects of anticholinergics
dry mouth, cough, GI upset
40
contraindications of anticholinergics
narrow angle glaucoma, BPH
41
drug class xanthines example meds
theophylline
42
mechanism of action of xanthines
works by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle, promoting bronchodilator. also suppresses airway responsiveness
43
uses of xanthines
as a second line treatment in severe cases pf chronic bronchoconstriction
44
adverse effects of xanthines
toxicity; s/sx of toxicity are anorexia, N/V, agitation, nervousness, tachycardia, convulsions
45
contraindications of xanthines
gastritis, PUD, seizure disorder
46
nursing implications for xanthines
many drug to drug interactions, cigarette smoking may increase metabolism of drug
47
patient teaching for xanthines
do not exceed dose, alert MD if stop smoking
48
a woman begins using albuterol inhaler and a steroid inhaler for her asthma. The patient asks if it matters which inhaler should she use first
you should use the albuterol first followed in 5-10 minutes by the steroid inhaler; albuterol opens the airways and allows for better absorption of the other drugs
49
corticosteroid inhalation example meds
beclomethasone
50
what does beclomethasone do
decrease airway inflammation by blocking cytokines resulting in blocking mucus secretion, blocks airway mucosa edema, repaired epithelium damage, reduced airway reactivity
51
uses of corticosteroid inhalation
prevention and treatment of asthma and COPD, long term can be used in combination, inhaled for local affect to lungs only
52
adverse effects of corticosteroid inhalation
HA, dry mouth, cough, fungal infection on tongue(candidiasis)
53
contraindications of corticosteroid inhalation
recent nasal, oral surgery (will slow down healing process)
54
meds that end in ONE are
steroids
55
nursing implications for corticosteroid inhalation
rinse mouth after using, use lowest dose necessary to control symptoms
56
patient teaching for corticosteroid inhalation
take on a regular schedule, not a rescue inhaler, use bronchodilator first followed in 5 mins by other inhalers, rinse mouth after use
57
leukotriene modifier drug example meds
montelukast
58
uses of leukotriene modifier drug
prevents leukotrienes from binding to receptors reducing bronchoconstriction and inflammation, long term treatment of asthma, not effective in relieving acute attacks, PO
59
uses of leukotriene modifier drug simplified
prevent acute asthma attacks induced by allergens, exercise, cold air, hyperventilation, irritants, NSAIDs (can be used in combo with bronchodilators and corticosteroids)
60
adverse effects of leukotriene modifier drug
HA, N/V/D, BLACK BOX warning: neuropsychotic events
61
mast cell stabilizer example meds
cromolyn
62
mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizer
prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances from mast cells
63
uses of mast cell stabilizer
second line treatment option, prophylaxis of acute asthma in mild, persistent asthma, not effective in acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus
64
monoclonal antibodies example meds
omalizumab
65
mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies
binds with IgE blocking receptors so there is less IgE available to start allergic reactions
66
adverse effects of monoclonal antibodies
BLACK BOX warning: only give this drug under medical supervision risk of life threatening anaphylaxis
67
organization of meds: relievers (acute problem)
albuterol
68
organization of meds: controllers (maintenance)
salmeterol, ipratropium
69
organization of meds: preventer (prevent problems)
theophylline, beclomethasone, montelukast, cromolyn, omalizumab
69
organization of meds: preventer (prevent problems)
theophylline, beclomethasone, montelukast, cromolyn, omalizumab
70
T or F. in acute, severe asthma, a topical corticosteroid is indicated for a patient whose respiratory distress is not relieved by an inhaled beta 2 agonist
false; in acute, severe asthma, a systemic corticorsteroid is indicated for a patient whose respiratory distress is not relieved by an inhaled beta 2 agonist. A topical corticosteroid will not be effective against airway inflammation

pharm exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions