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Pharmacology by me > Drug recognition > Flashcards

Drug recognition Flashcards

1
Q

fluoxetine

A

5-HT reuptake inhibitor

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2
Q

fluvoxamine

A

5-HT reuptake inhibitor

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3
Q

trazodone

A

5-HT reuptake inhibitor

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4
Q

imipramine

A

5-HT reuptake inhibitor

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5
Q

spiroperidol

A

DA 2 receptor antagonist- antipsychotic

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6
Q

haloperidol

A

DA 2 receptor antagonist- antipsychotic

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7
Q

desipramine

A

selective NE reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Treats depression. This medicine is a tricyclic antidepressant.

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8
Q

maprotyline

A

selective NE reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Treats depression and anxiety. This medicine is a tricyclic antidepressant.

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9
Q

protryptiline

A

selective NE reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), indicated for the treatment of depression and ADHD.

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10
Q

L-dopa + carbidopa

A

L-dopa + carbidopa= Sinemet

Combination drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s

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11
Q

pimozide

A

DA 2 receptor antagonist- antipsychotic

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12
Q

barbiturates

A

stimulate GABA and increase DURATION of the Cl- channel opening

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13
Q

diazepam

A

(Valium) benzodiazepine- bind to another site on GABA and increase the FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening

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14
Q

lorazepam

A

(Ativan) benzodiazepine- bind to another site on GABA and increase the FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening

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15
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

(from puffer fish) Na+ channel blocker

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16
Q

alpha bungarotoxin

A

nicotinic ACh receptor blocker

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17
Q

picrototoxin

A

GABAa receptor blocker

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18
Q

strychnine

A

glycine receptor blocker

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19
Q

cocaine

A

NE, dopamine, 5-HT reuptake inhibiter

mesolimbic pathway

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20
Q

amphetamine and methamphetamine

A

stimulate release of dopamine (also NE and 5-HT)

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21
Q

LSD

A

5-HT receptor agonist

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22
Q

hemicholinium

A

prevents the presynaptic REUPTAKE of choline

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23
Q

vesamicol

A

prevents the STORAGE of ACh in vesicles

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24
Q

botulinum toxin

A

prevents the fusion and RELEASE of ACh into the synaptic cleft

25
Q

metyrosine

A

prevents production of dopa from tyrosine by inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase

26
Q

reserpine

A

inhibits NE storage by inhibiting VMAT

27
Q

Guanethidine, bretylium

A

prevents fusion of vesicles and release of NE

28
Q

tricyclic antidepressants, cocaine

A

prevent the reuptake of NE

29
Q

Clonidine

A

Clonidine and guanabenz are alpha 2 agonists.

Centrally acting, and decrease central sympathetic outflow. Remember that alpha2 is an AUTORECEPTOR and is inhibitory.

30
Q

Prazosin

A

Prazosin - Alpha 1 antagonist

dilates arteries and veins

These do a great job managing hypertension, and they also decrease the urethral tone and help to alleviate bladder outlet obstruction in BPH.

31
Q

Metoprolol

A

Selective beta1 adrenergic antagonist

32
Q

Atenolol

A

Selective beta1 adrenergic antagonist

33
Q

Nebivolol

A

Highly selective beta1 adrenergic antagonist, also a vasodilator

34
Q

Propranolol

A

Non-selective beta adrenergic antagonists

35
Q

nadolol

A

Non-selective beta adrenergic antagonists

36
Q

timolol

A

Non-selective beta adrenergic antagonists

for treatment of glaucoma

37
Q

Phenoxybenzamine (POB)

A

Irreversible blockade of Alpha 1 and 2 receptors, which also blocks the negative feedback mechanism of alpha 2. Epi and NE build up and act on beta 1 and 2 to increase BP and HR…

Given for symptomatic management of pheochromocytoma- a tumor of the adrenal medulla that results in excess secretion of epi/NE

Side effects (and toxicity) include orthostatic hypertension and reflex tachycardia.

38
Q

Carvedilol

A

Mixed alpha/beta antagonist, more effective at beta than alpha1, and works well for CHF with decreased systolic function.

39
Q

terazosine

A

selective alpha 1 blocker. Great for treatment of hypertension and urinary retention in BPH

40
Q

Labetalol

A

Mixed alpha/beta antagonist. Great for treatment of hypertensive emergencies and pregnancy associated hypertension. May induce hepatitis, and that sort of sucks…

41
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist that is an alkaloid, well absorbed (crosses BBB due to no charge) and great for treatment of glaucoma and Sjögren’s syndrome.

Potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva.

42
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic agonist, choline ester that is used in challenge test for diagnosis of asthma. Stimulates muscarinic receptors in the airway when inhaled.

43
Q

Carbachol

A

Muscarinic agonist, choline ester that is used for the treatment of glaucoma and for miosis induction for eye surgeries.

44
Q

Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic agonist, choline ester that is used for the relief of urinary retention and increased GI motility

45
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist (non-selective M). Reversible inhibitor of muscarinic receptors. It is a tertiary alkaloid, and can therefore cross the BBB

Causes:
Mydriasis, cycloplegia
Decreased airway secretions
Decreases gastric secretions
Decreased gut motility
Urinary retention
46
Q

Scopolamine

A

Naturally occurring tertiary alkaloid muscarinic antagonist. Clinically used prophylactically for motion sickness and post-op nausea and vomiting.

47
Q

Ipatropium

A

Semisynthetic alkaloid (non selective M) muscarinic antagonist. doesn’t cross into CNS. Used for the treatment of bronchial asthma, COPD and maybe nasal discharge.

48
Q

Tiotropium

A

Semisynthetic alkaloid (selective M1,M3) muscarinic antagonist. doesn’t cross into CNS. Used for the treatment of bronchial asthma, COPD

49
Q

Tolterodine

A

Synthetic M3 selective muscarinic antagonist for the treatment of urinary incontinence.

50
Q

Nicotine

A

Tertiary alkaloid nicotinic agonist. Only clinical use is smoking cessation.

51
Q

Lobeline

A

Tertiary alkaloid nicotinic agonist. No clinical use.

52
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Choline ester nicotinic agonist. Used for neuromuscular blockade in surgery and rapid sequence intubation.

Very resistant to AChE and eventually the channel becomes unresponsive, even after agonist removal. Causes paralysis.

53
Q

Hexamethonium

A

Nicotinic ganglion blocking agent. Nondepolarizing competitive antagonist that binds directly to the nicotinic ion channel in the autonomic ganglia, thereby blocking all parasympathetic and sympathetic stuff.

Not clinically used due to side effects.

54
Q

Trimethaphan

A

Nicotinic ganglion blocking agent. Nondepolarizing competitive antagonist that blocks the nicotinic receptor in the autonomic ganglia, thereby blocking all parasympathetic and sympathetic stuff.

Not clinically used due to side effects.

55
Q

Edrophonium

A

ChE inhibitor. Simple alcohol with quaternary ammonium group. Reversible, and very short-acting (2-10 min).

Used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. When injected, symptoms should decrease for a few minutes and then return.

56
Q

Neostigmine

A

ChE inhibitor. Carbamic ester of alcohol with quaternary ammonium group. Reversible, with action from 30 minutes to 6 hours. No crossing into CNS.

Used for non-depolarizing reversal of neuromuscular blockade (post-op). Also used to treat myasthenia gravis, but not as good as pyridostigmine…

57
Q

pyridostigmine

A

ChE inhibitor. Carbamic ester of alcohol with quaternary ammonium group. Reversible, with action from 30 minutes to 6 hours. No crossing into CNS.

Best drug for treatment of myasthenia gravis. Can also be used prophylactically (along with atropine) for treatment of organophosphate poisoning.

58
Q

Physostigmine

A

ChE inhibitor. Carbamic ester of alcohol with quaternary ammonium group. Reversible, with action from 30 minutes to 6 hours. DOES cross into CNS.

Used for reversal of anticholinergic toxicity (too much atropine…) Also useful for glaucoma treatment.

59
Q

Echothiophate

A

ChE inhibitor. Organophosphate covalently binds irreversibly to ChE. Not a great idea to use this one clinically, but if you’re interested in inhumane warfare, it is a must have along with sarin gas.

Organophosphate “aging” occurs when the alkyl group is lost and the phosphate bond gets even stronger.

Pharmacology by me (5 decks)

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