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Pharmacology > Drug Presentation&Prescribing > Flashcards

Drug Presentation&Prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

A written order of a pharmacist by a licensed Vet to prepare prescribed medicine.

A

Prescription

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2
Q

Issued to client for purchase of drugs to be administered to their pets

A

Clinical prescription order

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3
Q

Prescription for purchase of large quantities of veterinary drugs/products and is often accompanied by VCPR letter from the veterinarian

A

Veterinary drug order

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4
Q

A special prescription for dangerous drugs because every prescription is accounted for

A

Yellow prescription

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5
Q

The veterinarian selects drugs, doses and pharmaceutical form he desires and the pharmacist prepares the medication

A

Extemporaneous prescription order

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6
Q

Prescription of drugs of mixture of drugs which are supplied by a pharmaceutical company by its official or propriety name and in a form that the pharmacist dispenses without pharmaceutical alteration

A

Pre-compound prescription order

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7
Q

At pleasure
As much as wanted

A

ad libitum

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8
Q

Before

A

ante (a)

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9
Q

Of each

A

ana (aa)

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10
Q

Before meals

A

ante cibum (a.c)

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11
Q

Around the clock

A

ATC

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12
Q

Twice a day

A

bis in die (b.i.d)

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13
Q

With

A

cum (c)

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14
Q

As directed

A

c.m.p

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15
Q

drench

A

haust.

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16
Q

Hour

A

hora (h)

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17
Q

hour of sleep; at bedtime

A

hora somni (h.s)

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18
Q

make

A

ft.

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19
Q

Mix

A

misce (m)

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20
Q

Do not repeat

A

non repetatur (n.r)

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21
Q

Number

A

numerous (no.)

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22
Q

Once a day

A

o.d

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23
Q

By mouth

A

per os (p.o)

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24
Q

After

A

post (p)

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25
Q

post cibum (p.c)

A

After meals

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26
Q

According to circumstances, when requiree, occasionally

A

pro nata (p.r.n)

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27
Q

A sufficient amount, to make as much as necessary

A

quantum satis, suffit (q.s)

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28
Q

everyday

A

quaque die (q.d)

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29
Q

every hour/every 4 hours

A

quaque hora (q.h)/q.4.h

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30
Q

Four times a day

A

quaque in die (q.i.d)

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31
Q

Every other day

A

q.o.d

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32
Q

Daily

A

s.i.d

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33
Q

Write on label

A

signa (sig)

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34
Q

Without

A

sine (s)

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35
Q

If necessary

A

s.o.s

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36
Q

Immediately

A

statim (stat)

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37
Q

ter in die (t.i.d)

A

Three times a day

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38
Q

A drop/drops

A

gutta (gtt)

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39
Q

legally recognized document and the licensed Veterinarian is held responsible for its accuracy. It is also a form of communication or instruction of a Veterinarian which represents the summary of the Vet’s diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the patient’s illness. It also reflects the diagnostic acumen and therapeutic proficiency of the practitioner.

A

Prescription

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40
Q

Prescription for individual companion animals/pets

A

Clinical prescription order

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41
Q

name, species, age, sex, breed

A

Identification of the patient

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41
Q

Prescription for individual food animal

A

Clinical prescription order

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41
Q

Veterinary – Client – Patient Relationship

A

Veterinary drug order

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42
Q

name of office, address, and telephone number.

A

Veterinarian’s data

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42
Q

name , address, telephone number.

A

Data about the client

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43
Q

an abbreviation for rercipe ( Latin for “take thou”)

A

Superscription (Rx)

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44
Q

Proper way of writing generic name of the drug/product

A
  1. written immediately after Rx symbol.
  2. written in full, its salt or other chemical component may be abbreviated .
  3. choose the generic name determined by BFAD/BAI when there are two or more active ingredients.
  4. enclose the brand/trade/propriety name in parenthesis and write this after the generic name.
44
Q

body of the prescription order which contains the generic name of the drug/product, strength, unit size, and quantity of the drug/product to be dispensed.

A

Inscription

45
Q

contains the instruction to the pharmacist on how to prepare the drug, etc.

A

Subscription

45
Q

contains the instructions to the client ( signa means write, mark, label)

A

Transcription/ signa/ label

46
Q

Parts of Prescription order

A
  1. Veterinarian’s data
  2. Data about the client
  3. Identification of the patient
  4. Date of prescription.
  5. Superscription (Rx)
  6. Inscription
  7. Subscription
  8. Transcription/ signa/ label
  9. Signature of the prescribing Veterinarian, license number (PRC ).
47
Q

Do’s in writing prescription

A
  1. Must be written legibly/clearly.
  2. Must be written in the presence of the client.
  3. Write without hesitation.
  4. Proofread your prescription order before fixing your signature.
  5. The first letter of the drug should be capitalized.
  6. A prescription may contain more than one drug but it is better to have only one drug per prescription order.
48
Q

Don’ts in writing prescriptions

A
  1. Do not erase or cross out entries in the prescription order in front of the client.
  2. Do not tear up a prescription order in front of the client.
  3. Do not be distracted by talkative clients while writing the prescription.
  4. Do not use abbreviations that are not clear to the client, the client should be made to understand the meaning of Latin abbreviations.
49
Q

any preparation with one more substances dissolved in liquid solvent.

A

Solutions

50
Q

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract.

A

Tinctures

51
Q

are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle. Must never be given intravenously. Oftentimes this term is loosely applied to mixtures.

A

Suspensions

51
Q

can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye. Inclusion of alcohol hastens its drying and cooling effect while inclusion of glycerin keeps the skin moist for a considerable time.

A

Lotions

52
Q

preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.

A

Dips

52
Q

an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage during application.

A

Liniments

53
Q

liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties.

A

Paints

54
Q

suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally.

A

Drenches

55
Q

dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent. Example: soaps, cholesterol egg yolk

A

Emulsions

55
Q

solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or optic administration.

A

Drops

56
Q

usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is force out with a propellant mixture of gases.

A

Sprays

57
Q

usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential.

A

Intramammary Injections

58
Q

Advantages of injections

A
  1. provide shorter onset of action.
  2. provide better control of the patient.
  3. provide a means of administration of rapidly biotrasformed drug ( epinephrine ) or poorly soluble drugs ( streptomycin ) in the GIT.
58
Q

mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.

A

Powders

58
Q

semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions.

A

Cream

59
Q

sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral administration by various routes.

A

Injections

60
Q

A substance that causes fever in the body, either endogenous (from the immune system) or exogenous (from bacterial endotoxins).

A

Pyrogens

60
Q

Disadvantages of injections

A
  1. expensive
  2. painful
  3. animal must be returned for medication.
  4. must be free from pyrogens
  5. pH near blood if possible (7.4)
  6. oils should be of vegetable origin
  7. bacteriostatic agent is usually required in multiple dose containers.
60
Q

are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons.

A

Ointments

61
Q

concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.

A

Syrups

61
Q

a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the following: drugs, heat, and moisture.

A

Poultices (cataplasms)

62
Q

are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)

A

Suppositories

63
Q

are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.

A

Tablets

63
Q

are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.

A

Boluses

64
Q

are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs. Most convenient form for oral administration.

A

Capsules

64
Q

meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone implants.

A

Implants

65
Q

sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.

A

Granules

65
Q

a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients. This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.

A

Premix

66
Q

compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in cardboard box.

A

Medicated block

67
Q

These systems are used for estrus synchronization in sheep, goats and cattle.

A
  1. Controlled internal drug release ( CIDR) devices
  2. Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRID)
  3. Vaginal sponges
68
Q

Intravaginal sponges are made from

A

polyurethane

69
Q

In laboratory animals this can be facilitated using an oral feeding needle or a French catheter attached to a syringe. In large animals this can be also facilitated by using a drenching gun (cattle, sheep, goat) stomach tube or a paste preparation (horse).

A

Oral administration

69
Q

This is the most common route of drug administration using solid, liquid or semi liquid forms of drugs.

A

Oral administration

69
Q

In dogs, cats, and poultry; tablets or pills can be placed directly at the base of the tongue while applying pressure ate the side of the mouth to keep it open while administering the drug. While liquids can easily be administered applicator (syringe).

A

Oral administration

70
Q

The drug can be introduced directly underneath the skin by injection. The needle must be inserted to its full length to avoid loss liquid upon withdrawal, The common site employed are the loose skin at the dorsal thoracic or neck area, the abdomen and the fold near the forelimbs and the hind limbs.

A

Subcutaneous injection

71
Q

Always employ a sharp and sterile needle. Inject the drug slowly, if the needle is not in the vein resistance will be felt while injecting and blanching will be observed in the surrounding connective tissue.

A

Intravenous Injection

72
Q

Intravenous Injection site for dog

A

Cephalic, saphenous, and jugular vein

73
Q

Intravenous Injection site for pig

A

anterior vena cava

74
Q

Intravenous Injection site for rats

A

tail vain

75
Q

Intravenous Injection site for poutry

A

wing vain

76
Q

The drug is Injected at the ham muscle (gluteus) and plunger is always pulled back to make certain that the needle is not in the vein. Neck muscle may also used in large animals (cattle and horse.)

A

Intramuscular Injection

77
Q

The drug is injected into the peritoneal cavity where absorption is rapid. By holding the animal head downward, and injecting into the lower half of the abdomen, intraintestinal or other intravisceral injections maybe avoided.

A

Intraperitoneal

78
Q

This can be facilitated by inserting a rubber tubing attached to a syringe or a French catheter rectally at approximately 2 – 3 inches.

A

Rectal Administration

79
Q

any chemical substance which modify the functions of a biological system and primarily intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of disease to man or animals.

A

Drug

79
Q

the pharmacopeia of the United States of America (1820)

A

USP

80
Q

B.P

A

British Pharmacopeia

81
Q

B.P.C

A

the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1907)

82
Q

N.F.

A

National Formulary

83
Q

study the actions of drugs on living things.

A

Pharmacology

83
Q

C.F

A

The Canadian Formulary

84
Q

Ph. I.

A

International Pharmacopeia (1950)

85
Q

C.F

A

Codex Francis

86
Q

drug mixtures prepared from crude drugs and containing several organic ingredients.

A

Galenicals

87
Q

a blank preparation containing only innocuous ingredients.

A

Placebo

87
Q

is the extent to which the active ingredient in a drug product can be taken up by the body in a form which is physiologically active in order to exert the desired therapeutic effect. Chemical equivalence in similar dosage forms does not guarantee equal biological equivalence and hence equal therapeutic effectiveness.

A

Bioavailability

88
Q

a system of weights and measures based on multiples of 10. It is the primary system for the measurement of drugs, foods, cosmetics and devices. It is widely used and preferred in most scientific and medical measurements because of the case in working within the decimal system.

A

Metric system

89
Q

The basic units in the metric system

A

gram (gm), liter (L), and meter (m)

90
Q

a person who prepares and sells drugs compound for medicinal purposes. He is the old equivalent of modern day pharmacist.

A

apothecary

91
Q

originated from England and was brought to America by early colonists. This system has been used by druggist to prepare medications in the past. In fact, many of the older drugs were originally manufactured using the apothecary labels.

A

The apothecary system of weights and measures

92
Q

is another system of measure which is frequently used in the home, particularly when home medication is concerned. This is not a complete system since it contains only units of volume. These units are the glass, cup, teaspoon, tablespoon, dessertspoon, and drop. The sizes of utensils used in the measurement may vary so that even these instruments had to be standardized.

A

Household System

93
Q

The current trend in prescription writing. This is the standardize drug measurement in many areas of the world.

A

metric system.

94
Q

the basic unit of weight which was supposed to be equal to a grain of wheat

A

grain (gr)

94
Q

the basic unit of volume which is equivalent to the volume of water that would weight approximately one grain.

A

minim (m)

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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