Chemical residues

Question 1

Chemical residues can be found in the following:

Answer 1

1. Animal tissues.
2. Milk and eggs after the administration of Veterinary drugs and medicated
   premixes.
3. Application of pesticides to animals
4. Consumption of stock feeds previously treated with agricultural
   chemicals

Question 2

this randomly samples tissues from animals at slaughter.

Answer 2

Monitoring

Question 3

are assayed for veterinary drugs, pesticides and
environmental contaminants and the residue are assessed for
compliance with the applicable MRL or environmental standard.

Answer 3

Tissue samples

Question 4

by comparison, sample tissues from animals suspected
of violative residues on the basis of clinical signs or herd history. Animals
identified with violative residues of veterinary drugs of pesticides do not
enter the food chain.

Answer 4

Surveillance

Question 5

KEY PARAMETERS DERIVED IN THE SAFETY AND RESIDUE
EVALUATUIONS

Answer 5

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)
Safe Concentration
MRL, or tolerance
Target tissue
Withdrawal time

Question 6

withdrawal time in cattle is 3 days

Answer 6

Chlortetracycline

Question 7

cattle 25 days; Swine – 15; turkey-5 days

Answer 7

Ampicillin trihydrate

Question 8

amount of veterinary drug, expressed
on a body weight basis, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without
an appreciable risk to human health.

Answer 8

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)

Question 9

maximal allowable concentration of total residues
of toxicologic concern in edible tissue.

Answer 9

Safe Concentration

Question 10

maximal consideration of residue resulting from the
use of veterinary drug ( expressed in mg/kg or ug/kg on a fresh weight
basis) that is legally permitted as acceptable in or on a food.

Answer 10

MRL, or tolerance –

Question 11

the edible tissue with residues that deplete to a
concentration below the MRL at a slower rate compared with other edible
tissues.

Answer 11

Target tissue

Question 12

the period of time between the last administration of
a drug and the collection of edible tissue or products from a treated
animal that ensures the total residues deplete to below the safe
concentration, and the marker residue depletes to below the MRL.

Answer 12

Withdrawal time

Question 13

affects wool production.

Answer 13

Files, lice, keds and mites

Question 14

have been
the mainstay for managing infestations for these parasites.

Answer 14

Ectoparasiticides

Question 15

Pesticides residues in wool are influenced by many factors;

Answer 15

1. Chemical and formulation used
2. Method of application
3. Rate and timing of the chemical application
4. Length of wool at the time of application

Question 16

Products types and chemical groups used;

Answer 16

1. spray on products containing insect growth regulators.
2. organophosphate pesticides
3. short wool plunge or shower dips
4. magnesium fluorosilicate

Question 17

have possible implications for public health,
occupational health and safety, and environmental safety.

Answer 17

Pesticide residues in wool

Question 18

used in the manufacture of garments is unlikely to pose a human hazard
because any residual pesticide is removed during the scouring process.

Answer 18

Processed wool

Question 19

poses an occupational hazard to shearers and
other wool handlers through dermal absorption.

Answer 19

Residual pesticide in wool wax

Question 20

common effects on shearers after shearing sheeps treated with
certain organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides.

Answer 20

Nervous disorders and dermal
irritation

Question 21

The target tissue is frequently the

Answer 21

liver or the kidney.

Question 22

Residue programs consists of the following;

Answer 22

Monitoring
Surveillance

Question 23

is calculated from the ADI and considers the weight of an average person
and the amount of the meat, milk and eggs consumed daily by a high
consuming individual.

Answer 23

safe concentration

Question 24

have been established to ensure
that chemical residues in food do not constitute an unacceptable health risk.

Answer 24

Regulatory and Monitoring systems