Drug Prescribing Flashcards
what is the medical emergency drug and dose for anaphylaxis
adrenaline 1ml ampoules injected IM
what is the medical emergency drug for myocardial infarction/stroke
aspirin 300mg dispersible tablets
what is the medical emergency drug for hypoglycaemia
glucagon 1mg IM
oral glucose
what is the medical emergency drug for angina
GTN 400mcg spray
what is the medical emergency drug for seizures
midazolam 5mg/ml oromucosal buccal administration
what is the medical emergency drug for asthma attacks
salbutamol 100mcg inhaler
what type of antihistamines might dental practices stock just in case of allergies
cetirizine
chlorphenamine
loratadine
what are the key signs of anaphylaxis
marked upper airway oedema and bronchospasm causing stridor and wheezing
tachycardia
what are the symptoms of anaphylaxis
abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and sense of impending doom
flushing
mild allergy symptoms
what is the priority for patients with anaphylaxis
transfer the patient to hospital
what should you do if someone has anaphylaxis in your practice
administer 100% oxygen and adrenaline
what are the key signs of mild allergy
urticaria and rash on chest and hands
rhinitis
conjunctivitis
mild bronchospasm
what is the dose for cetirizine
10mg tablet
what is the dose for chlorphenamine
4mg tablet
what is the dose for loratadine
10mg tablet
what should you do if someone displays signs of mild bronchospasm
administer salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs (100mcg)
what are the key signs of life threatening asthma
cyanosis or respiratory rate <8 per minute
bradycardia
exhaustion, confusion
what are the key signs of severe asthma
inability to complete sentences in one breath
respiratory rate >25 per minute
tachycardia
what do you do if the patient has an asthma attack
administer 100% O2
administer patients own bronchodilator or salbutamol
what do you do if the patient has angina or MI
administer 100% O2
give GTN 2 puffs
give aspirin 300mg
what is the key sign of acute coronary syndromes
progressive onset of severe, crushing pain in the centre and across the front of the chest which can radiate to shoulders and down arms
what do the symptoms of acute coronary syndromes include
shortness of breath
increased respiratory rate
pale and clammy skin
nausea and vomiting
pulse weak and BP fall
what are the key signs of cardiac arrest
loss of consciousness
absence of normal breathing
loss of pulse
dilation of pupils
what do you do if a patient is having a cardiac arrest
BLS
what are the key signs of epilepsy
sudden loss of consciousness
jerking movements of limbs
what are the symptoms of an epileptic seizure
brief warning or aura
frothing from mouth and urinary incontinence
what do you do if a patient has a seizure
do not restrain convulsive movements
ensure they are not at risk from injury
secure the patients airway
administer 100% O2
administer midazolam
what are the key signs of a faint
patient feels faint
slow pulse rate
loss of consciousness
what are the symptoms of a faint
pallor and sweating
nausea and vomiting
what do you do if a patient faints
lay flat and raise legs
administer O2
what are the key signs of hypoglycaemia
aggression and confusion
sweating
tachycardia
what are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia
shaking and trembling
difficulty concentrating
slurring of speech
headache
fitting
unconsciousness
what is the management of hypoglycaemia
administer O2
administer oral glucose
administer glucagon 1mg
what are the key signs of stroke
facial weakness
arm weakness
communication problems
what do you do if a patient is having a stroke
administer patient
send to hospital
what are the signs and symptoms of aspiration/choking
cough and splutter
breathing difficulty
stridor
paradoxical chest or abdominal movements
cyanosed and lose consciousness
how do you manage aspiration
administer 100% O2
administer a salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs
what drug is used for anxiety and what is the dose
diazepam 5mg
1 tablet 2 hours before procedure
what is the issue with diazepam
it is addictive
when is antibiotic use appropriate
spreading infection
systemic involvement
NUG
pericoronitis
sinusitis
if you are giving the patient antibiotics what should you also do
measure temperature
if pus is present in a dental abscess what do you do
drain by extraction of the tooth or through the root canals
if pus is present in a soft tissue what do you do
drain by incision
what is the antibiotic and dose for dental abscesses if local measures do not work or if there is systemic involvement
amoxicillin 500mg
1 capsule three times a day for 5 days
phenoxymethylpenicillin 250mg
2 tablets four times daily for 5 days
if a patient needs an antibiotic for a bacterial infection but is allergic to penicillin what antibiotic is given and what is the dose
metronidazole 400mg
1 tablet three times a day for 5 days
what are the second line antibiotics for dental abscesses
clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
clarithromycin
what is the dose of clindamycin for dental infection
clindamycin 150mg
1 capsule four times daily swallowed with water
what is the local measure for NUG
remove supra-gingival and sub-gingival deposits and provide oral hygiene advice
what is the local measure for pericoronitis
irrigate and debride
what is the antibiotic dose for NUG/pericoronitis
metronidazole 400mg
1 tablet 3 times a day for 3 days
what should the local measure be for sinusitis
steam inhalation
if drug treatment is required for sinusitis what is given first
ephedrine nasal drops 0.5%
1 drop each nostril up to 3x daily when required
if an antibiotic is required for sinusitis what is given
phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets 250mg
2 tablets four times daily
what is the fluconazole dose for candida infections
fluconazole capsules 50mg
1 capsule daily for 7 days
what is the miconazole dose for candida infections
miconazole oromucosal gel 20mg/g
apply pea sized amount after food four times daily
what are the contraindications to using azoles
warfarin and statins
if a patient cannot use azoles for a fungal infection what is used and what is the dose
nystatin oral suspension 100,000 units/ml
1ml after food four times daily for 7 days. hold near lesion for 5 minutes
if a patient has denture stomatitis what would be a good recommendation for taking miconazole
apply to the denture fitting surface
if a patient has angular cheilitis what is given
miconazole cream 2%
apply to angles of mouth twice daily
in unresponsive cases of angular cheilitis what can be given
miconazole 2% and hydrocortisone 1% cream/ointment
apply to angles of mouth twice daily
what mouthwash could a patient use for intra-oral herpes simplex infections
chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%
rinse mouth for 1 minute with 10ml twice daily
what antiviral can be used for infections in immunocompromised patients/severe infections in non-immunocompromised patients
aciclovir tablets 200mg
1 tablet 5 times daily for 5 days
what antiviral cream can be given to treat herpes labialis
aciclovir cream 5%
apply every 4 hours for 5 days
what is the drug and dose for varicella zoster infections
aciclovir tablets 800mg
1 tablet five times daily for 7 days
what do systemic antiviral agents do for patients with herpes zoster
reduce pain
reduce incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia and viral shedding
what is the paracetamol dose for odontogenic pain
paracetamol tablets 500mg
2 tablets four times daily
what is the ibuprofen dose for odontogenic pain
ibuprofen tablets 400mg
1 tablet four times daily
in patients who have history of peptic ulcer disease and need an NSAID what do we also give them
lansoprazole or omeprazole
what drug is given for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine tablets 100mg
1 tablet twice daily
what should the local measures be if you want to make a simple mouthwash
rinse with salt solution of half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water
if the patient needs an antimicrobial mouthwash what can be given
chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%
rinse mouth for 1 minute with 10ml twice daily
hydrogen peroxide mouthwash 6%
rinse mouth for 2mins with 15ml diluted in half a glass of warm water three times daily
what analgesics can be given for oral lesions
benzydamine mouthwash 0.15%
rinse or gargle using 15ml every 1.5 hours
benzydamine oromucosal spray 0.15%
4 sprays onto affected area every 1.5hrs
lidocaine ointment 5%
lidocaine spray 10%
what is the dose of beclomethasone for oral lesions
clenil 50mcg MDI
1-2puffs twice daily
what is the dose of betamethasone for oral lesions
betamethasone 500mcg tablets
1 tablet dissolved in 10ml water 4x daily
what is the dose of hydrocortisone oromucosal tablets for oral lesions
hydrocortisone oromucosal tablets 2.5mg
1 tablet dissolved next to lesion 4x daily
what saliva substitutes can be given for dry mouth
artificial saliva gel
artificial saliva oral spray
artificial saliva pastilles
saliva orthana
what sodium fluoride preparations can be given
sodium fluoride toothpaste 0.619%
sodium fluoride toothpaste 1.1%
sodium fluoride mouthwash 0.05%
who cannot take penicillin
allergies to penicillin
who cannot take metronidazole
hypersensitivity
warfarin
