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SDCEP Guidance Documents > Drug Prescribing > Flashcards

Drug Prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

what is the medical emergency drug and dose for anaphylaxis

A

adrenaline 1ml ampoules injected IM

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2
Q

what is the medical emergency drug for myocardial infarction/stroke

A

aspirin 300mg dispersible tablets

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3
Q

what is the medical emergency drug for hypoglycaemia

A

glucagon 1mg IM
oral glucose

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4
Q

what is the medical emergency drug for angina

A

GTN 400mcg spray

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5
Q

what is the medical emergency drug for seizures

A

midazolam 5mg/ml oromucosal buccal administration

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6
Q

what is the medical emergency drug for asthma attacks

A

salbutamol 100mcg inhaler

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7
Q

what type of antihistamines might dental practices stock just in case of allergies

A

cetirizine
chlorphenamine
loratadine

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8
Q

what are the key signs of anaphylaxis

A

marked upper airway oedema and bronchospasm causing stridor and wheezing
tachycardia

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9
Q

what are the symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and sense of impending doom
flushing
mild allergy symptoms

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10
Q

what is the priority for patients with anaphylaxis

A

transfer the patient to hospital

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11
Q

what should you do if someone has anaphylaxis in your practice

A

administer 100% oxygen and adrenaline

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12
Q

what are the key signs of mild allergy

A

urticaria and rash on chest and hands
rhinitis
conjunctivitis
mild bronchospasm

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13
Q

what is the dose for cetirizine

A

10mg tablet

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14
Q

what is the dose for chlorphenamine

A

4mg tablet

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15
Q

what is the dose for loratadine

A

10mg tablet

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16
Q

what should you do if someone displays signs of mild bronchospasm

A

administer salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs (100mcg)

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17
Q

what are the key signs of life threatening asthma

A

cyanosis or respiratory rate <8 per minute
bradycardia
exhaustion, confusion

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18
Q

what are the key signs of severe asthma

A

inability to complete sentences in one breath
respiratory rate >25 per minute
tachycardia

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19
Q

what do you do if the patient has an asthma attack

A

administer 100% O2
administer patients own bronchodilator or salbutamol

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20
Q

what do you do if the patient has angina or MI

A

administer 100% O2
give GTN 2 puffs
give aspirin 300mg

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21
Q

what is the key sign of acute coronary syndromes

A

progressive onset of severe, crushing pain in the centre and across the front of the chest which can radiate to shoulders and down arms

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22
Q

what do the symptoms of acute coronary syndromes include

A

shortness of breath
increased respiratory rate
pale and clammy skin
nausea and vomiting
pulse weak and BP fall

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23
Q

what are the key signs of cardiac arrest

A

loss of consciousness
absence of normal breathing
loss of pulse
dilation of pupils

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24
Q

what do you do if a patient is having a cardiac arrest

A

BLS

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25
Q

what are the key signs of epilepsy

A

sudden loss of consciousness
jerking movements of limbs

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26
Q

what are the symptoms of an epileptic seizure

A

brief warning or aura
frothing from mouth and urinary incontinence

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27
Q

what do you do if a patient has a seizure

A

do not restrain convulsive movements
ensure they are not at risk from injury
secure the patients airway
administer 100% O2
administer midazolam

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28
Q

what are the key signs of a faint

A

patient feels faint
slow pulse rate
loss of consciousness

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29
Q

what are the symptoms of a faint

A

pallor and sweating
nausea and vomiting

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30
Q

what do you do if a patient faints

A

lay flat and raise legs
administer O2

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31
Q

what are the key signs of hypoglycaemia

A

aggression and confusion
sweating
tachycardia

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32
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A

shaking and trembling
difficulty concentrating
slurring of speech
headache
fitting
unconsciousness

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33
Q

what is the management of hypoglycaemia

A

administer O2
administer oral glucose
administer glucagon 1mg

34
Q

what are the key signs of stroke

A

facial weakness
arm weakness
communication problems

35
Q

what do you do if a patient is having a stroke

A

administer patient
send to hospital

36
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of aspiration/choking

A

cough and splutter
breathing difficulty
stridor
paradoxical chest or abdominal movements
cyanosed and lose consciousness

37
Q

how do you manage aspiration

A

administer 100% O2
administer a salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs

38
Q

what drug is used for anxiety and what is the dose

A

diazepam 5mg
1 tablet 2 hours before procedure

39
Q

what is the issue with diazepam

A

it is addictive

40
Q

when is antibiotic use appropriate

A

spreading infection
systemic involvement
NUG
pericoronitis
sinusitis

41
Q

if you are giving the patient antibiotics what should you also do

A

measure temperature

42
Q

if pus is present in a dental abscess what do you do

A

drain by extraction of the tooth or through the root canals

43
Q

if pus is present in a soft tissue what do you do

A

drain by incision

44
Q

what is the antibiotic and dose for dental abscesses if local measures do not work or if there is systemic involvement

A

amoxicillin 500mg
1 capsule three times a day for 5 days

phenoxymethylpenicillin 250mg
2 tablets four times daily for 5 days

45
Q

if a patient needs an antibiotic for a bacterial infection but is allergic to penicillin what antibiotic is given and what is the dose

A

metronidazole 400mg
1 tablet three times a day for 5 days

46
Q

what are the second line antibiotics for dental abscesses

A

clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
clarithromycin

47
Q

what is the dose of clindamycin for dental infection

A

clindamycin 150mg
1 capsule four times daily swallowed with water

48
Q

what is the local measure for NUG

A

remove supra-gingival and sub-gingival deposits and provide oral hygiene advice

49
Q

what is the local measure for pericoronitis

A

irrigate and debride

50
Q

what is the antibiotic dose for NUG/pericoronitis

A

metronidazole 400mg
1 tablet 3 times a day for 3 days

51
Q

what should the local measure be for sinusitis

A

steam inhalation

52
Q

if drug treatment is required for sinusitis what is given first

A

ephedrine nasal drops 0.5%
1 drop each nostril up to 3x daily when required

53
Q

if an antibiotic is required for sinusitis what is given

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets 250mg
2 tablets four times daily

54
Q

what is the fluconazole dose for candida infections

A

fluconazole capsules 50mg
1 capsule daily for 7 days

55
Q

what is the miconazole dose for candida infections

A

miconazole oromucosal gel 20mg/g
apply pea sized amount after food four times daily

56
Q

what are the contraindications to using azoles

A

warfarin and statins

57
Q

if a patient cannot use azoles for a fungal infection what is used and what is the dose

A

nystatin oral suspension 100,000 units/ml
1ml after food four times daily for 7 days. hold near lesion for 5 minutes

58
Q

if a patient has denture stomatitis what would be a good recommendation for taking miconazole

A

apply to the denture fitting surface

59
Q

if a patient has angular cheilitis what is given

A

miconazole cream 2%
apply to angles of mouth twice daily

60
Q

in unresponsive cases of angular cheilitis what can be given

A

miconazole 2% and hydrocortisone 1% cream/ointment
apply to angles of mouth twice daily

61
Q

what mouthwash could a patient use for intra-oral herpes simplex infections

A

chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%
rinse mouth for 1 minute with 10ml twice daily

62
Q

what antiviral can be used for infections in immunocompromised patients/severe infections in non-immunocompromised patients

A

aciclovir tablets 200mg
1 tablet 5 times daily for 5 days

63
Q

what antiviral cream can be given to treat herpes labialis

A

aciclovir cream 5%
apply every 4 hours for 5 days

64
Q

what is the drug and dose for varicella zoster infections

A

aciclovir tablets 800mg
1 tablet five times daily for 7 days

65
Q

what do systemic antiviral agents do for patients with herpes zoster

A

reduce pain
reduce incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia and viral shedding

66
Q

what is the paracetamol dose for odontogenic pain

A

paracetamol tablets 500mg
2 tablets four times daily

67
Q

what is the ibuprofen dose for odontogenic pain

A

ibuprofen tablets 400mg
1 tablet four times daily

68
Q

in patients who have history of peptic ulcer disease and need an NSAID what do we also give them

A

lansoprazole or omeprazole

69
Q

what drug is given for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine tablets 100mg
1 tablet twice daily

70
Q

what should the local measures be if you want to make a simple mouthwash

A

rinse with salt solution of half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water

71
Q

if the patient needs an antimicrobial mouthwash what can be given

A

chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%
rinse mouth for 1 minute with 10ml twice daily

hydrogen peroxide mouthwash 6%
rinse mouth for 2mins with 15ml diluted in half a glass of warm water three times daily

72
Q

what analgesics can be given for oral lesions

A

benzydamine mouthwash 0.15%
rinse or gargle using 15ml every 1.5 hours

benzydamine oromucosal spray 0.15%
4 sprays onto affected area every 1.5hrs

lidocaine ointment 5%

lidocaine spray 10%

73
Q

what is the dose of beclomethasone for oral lesions

A

clenil 50mcg MDI
1-2puffs twice daily

74
Q

what is the dose of betamethasone for oral lesions

A

betamethasone 500mcg tablets
1 tablet dissolved in 10ml water 4x daily

75
Q

what is the dose of hydrocortisone oromucosal tablets for oral lesions

A

hydrocortisone oromucosal tablets 2.5mg
1 tablet dissolved next to lesion 4x daily

76
Q

what saliva substitutes can be given for dry mouth

A

artificial saliva gel
artificial saliva oral spray
artificial saliva pastilles
saliva orthana

77
Q

what sodium fluoride preparations can be given

A

sodium fluoride toothpaste 0.619%

sodium fluoride toothpaste 1.1%

sodium fluoride mouthwash 0.05%

78
Q

who cannot take penicillin

A

allergies to penicillin

79
Q

who cannot take metronidazole

A

hypersensitivity
warfarin

80
Q
A

SDCEP Guidance Documents (11 decks)

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