drug prefixes & suffixes Flashcards
Ceph-
CLASS: Antibiotic
EXAMPLES: cephalexin, cephapirin, cephradine
Rifa-
CLASS: Antituberculines
EXAMPLES: rifampin, rifamate, rifapentine
-actone
CLASS: Potassium sparing diuretics
EXAMPLES: aldactone, spironolactone
-cillin
CLASS: Penicillins
EXAMPLES: ampicillin, penicillin
-cyclovir
CLASS: Antivirals
EXAMPLES: acyclovir, valacyclovir
-dazole
CLASS: Nitroimidazole, Antimicrobial
EXAMPLES: Metronidazole
-prill
CLASS: ACE inhibitors (antihypertensives)
EXAMPLES: Benazepril, captopril, moexipril, quinapril
-prazole
CLASS: Proton pump inhibitors ( anti-ulcer)
EXAMPLES: lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole
fv
df
-sartan
CLASS: Angiotensin-II receptor ANTAgonist (BLOCKER) - anti hypertensive
*** Angiotensin-II
1. Stimulating the release of aldosterone (retain sodium and lose potassium through your urine)
2. Increasing blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels
3. Triggering the desire for salt (sodium) through your hypothalamus
4. Stimulating the release of (ADH, or vasopressin) from your pituitary gland, which causes your kidneys to reabsorb water.
EXAMPLES: candesartan, losartan, telmisartan, valsartan
-sone, -one
CLASS: corticosteroid ( anti-inflammatory)
Examples:
* Cortisone
* Hydrocortisone
* Methylprednisolone
* Prednisone
* Betamethasone
* Dexamethasone
* Triamcinolone
INDICATIONS:
Asthma
allergic reaction
Irthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease and adrenal, blood or bone marrow conditions
** replaces cortisone**
can cause:
1. weight gain in chest, abdomen, face (round face) - (CUSHING SYNDROME)
2. HTN
3. loss of bone density
4. thin skin, bruises, stretch marks, unexpected hair growth (CUSHING SYNDROME)
5. reduce muscle mass
6. mood changes
7. hyperglycaemia
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. can’t stop usage suddenly, needs to be titrated.
2. may compromise immune system
3. may interact with many meds like NSAIDS - speak to MD before taking OTC
-statin
CLASS: HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor
EXAMPLES: rosuvastatin
USES:
1. help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood
2. Statins work by interfering when your liver makes cholesterol
3. statins don’t let your liver have an enzyme (HMG CoA reductase) it needs to create cholesterol
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. should take them at the same time each day
2. work best if you take them in the evening (before your body starts making cholesterol overnight
3. possible interaction with grapefruit or pomegranate -> rhabdomyolysis
-thiazide
CLASS: Thiazide diuretics
EXAMPLES: benzthiazide, hydrochlorothiazide
INDICATIONS:
1. treats high blood pressure.
2. reduce swelling related to heart, kidney, or liver disease.
3. kidneys remove more fluid and salt from your blood
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. An unusual or allergic reaction to hydrochlorothiazide, sulfa drugs, other medications, foods, dyes, or preservatives
2. drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medication affects you.
3. orthostatic hypotension precaution
4. This medication can make you more sensitive to the sun
WATCH OUT FOR:
1. allergic reaction - report to team An unusual or allergic reaction to hydrochlorothiazide, sulfa drugs, other medications, foods, dyes, or preservatives
2. Hypotension
3. Hypokalemia - heart dysrhymias
4. hypoglycaemia
5. Sudden eye pain or change in vision such as blurred vision, seeing halos around lights, vision loss
-tidine
CLASS: H2 receptor antagonist ( anti-ulcer)
EXAMPLES: cimetidine, famotidine, rizatidine, ranitidine
-vir
CLASS: Antivirals
EXAMPLES: abacivir, zanamivir
-zepam, -zolam
CLASS: benzodiazepines ( anxiolytics)
EXAMPLES: alprazolam, midazalam
