Drug of Abuse Flashcards
Physiological dependence
neuroadaptations abnormal behavior and physical symptoms (withdrawal) occur if drug is withdrawn
Psychological dependence
dysphoria and intense craving following withdrawal of drug. Occurs with or without physical dependence
Withdrawal
Adverse reactions caused by discontinuation of drug; Based on physical neuroadaptations of brain; Release of dynorphin and GABA in the nucleus accumbens
Tolerance
More drug is required to produce effect.
Dose/response is shifted to the right.
Sensitization
Increase of responsiveness after
repeated use. Dose/response is shifted to the left.
Reward pathway
Mesolimbic dopamine pathway: VTA –> NAc –> Prefrontal cortex
Tx for alcohol addiction
Naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram, topiramate
Tx for opioid addiction
Methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone
Tx for nicotine addiction
Nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline (combined w/ behavioral treatment)
Reverses dopamine transport through DAT (reuptake) → increased release of dopamine
amphetamine
Causes amphetamine psychosis
Methamphetamine
Chronic use of methamphetamine cause
permanent damgae to noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons; loss of DA transporters
Tx to decrease craving of cocaine
Bromocriptine
_________ during ecstacy and _______ after ectasy
Increase 5HT; Decreased 5HT
MDMA SE
Hyperthermia, dehydration, kidney failures
Drug with no physical dependence, but possible psych dependence (no up or down regulation)
Marijuana
SE: Amotivational syndrome
Marijuana
SE: Cannbinoid hyperemesis
Marijuana
SE: Decreased ovluation and testosterone/ sperm production
Marijuana
Synesthesia associated w/
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin
drugs that does not cause dependence and does not stimulate DA pathway
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin
Teen presented to the clinic with psychosis after taking too much angel dust because he wanted to become an angel. How do you treat this pt?
Haloperidol
Date rape drugs
Ketamine and GHB
Chronic use of NO causes
peripheral neuropathy
