Alcohol

Question 1

Alcohol abuse

Answer 1

Social life impaired for at least 1 mo

Question 2

Alcoholism

Answer 2

Tolerance and dependence from prolonged alcohol abuse

Question 3

Different response to alcohol in people more prone to become alcoholics

Answer 3

Marked increased in release of B-endorphins in dopamine reward pathway

Question 4

Alcohol absorbed in

Answer 4

Stomach and small intestine

Question 5

Alcohol metabolized by

Answer 5

ADH, MEOS/CYP2E1

Question 6

Alcohol metabolism kinetic property

Answer 6

Zero order kinetics (rate independent of concentration)

Question 7

Cofactor required for oxidation by ADH and ALDH

Answer 7

NAD+

Question 8

Saturated NAD+ at low concentration causes

Answer 8

Less NAD+ for other E –> lactate and acetyl-CoA accumulation –> FA synthesis + lactic acidosis

Question 9

Chronic alcohol induces which metabolic enzymes

Answer 9

CYP2E1 (2E1) and MEOS (CYP450s)

Question 10

ASIANS LIKE ME LACK

Answer 10

ALDH

Question 11

WOMAN LIKE ME HAVE

Answer 11

Lower ADH

Question 12

Drug inhibits ALDH

Answer 12

Disulfiram

Question 13

Drug inhibit ADH

Answer 13

Fomepizole

Question 14

Alcohol effects GABA and NMDA receptors by

Answer 14

Down-regulating GABA receptors, up-regulate NMDA receptors

Question 15

Cross tolerance of alcohol to

Answer 15

Benzo, Barbiturates

Question 16

MOA of Alcohol

Answer 16

Binds GABA(a) receptor --> increase Cl- influx --> enhance inhibitory GABA transmission
Increase DA in mesolimibc pathway

Question 17

Anterograde amensia due to

Answer 17

blockade of NMDA receptors

Question 18

CNS effect with low concentrations of alcohol

Answer 18

disinhibition, decreased anxiety, mild euphoria, confidence increases, memory, concentration, mood swing

Question 19

CNS effect with high concentration of alcohol

Answer 19

motor fxn and judgement are impaired, speech slurs, and ataxia

Question 20

Effects of alcohol (immediate)

Answer 20

CNS effects
Smooth muscle: Vasodilator –> hypothermia
Heart: Depression of myocardial contractility
Kidney: Diuretic

Question 21

Tx of acute alcohol toxicity

Answer 21

Mgmt of resp depression, prevent emesis

Question 22

Hangovers due to

Answer 22

buildup of acetaldehyde, dehydration, and beginning of withdrawal

Question 23

If you have seizures from acute alcohol toxicity, treat w/

Answer 23

Lorazepam, phenytoin

Question 24

Effects of chronic abuse of alcohol on your liver

Answer 24

Gastritis, pancreatitis, liver dz, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cancer

Question 25

Malnutrition from chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 25

folate and thiamine

Question 26

CNS effects of chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 26

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Korsakoff's psychosis, peripheral neuropathy

Question 27

Cardiovascular effects of chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 27

Cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, HTN

Question 28

Alcohol/drug interaction

Answer 28

Acetaminophen Phenytoin Benzo, barb, phenothiazines, TCA

Question 29

Pharm tx of alcoholism

Answer 29

Naltexone, acamprosate, disulfiram

Question 30

Drug that blocks ability of alcohol to stimulate the reward pathway

Answer 30

Naltrexone

Question 31

Drug that reduces alcohol craving

Answer 31

Naltrexone, acamprosate, topiramate

Question 32

Restores the normal balance of GABA and glutamate

Answer 32

Acamprosate

Question 33

Pt treated for alcoholism w/ a horrible liver rxn

Answer 33

give them acamprosate (excreted by kidney)

Question 34

Treatment for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 34

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, phenytoin

Question 35

Sxs of methanol poisoning

Answer 35

visual disturbances "like being in a snowstorm"

Question 36

Methanol metbaolzied by ADH creates

Answer 36

toxic aldehydes and oxalates

Question 37

Metabolic acidosis from

Answer 37

Methanol poisoning

Question 38

Tx for methanol poisoning

Answer 38

support respiration, lavage, alkalization for acidosis, dialysis AND fomepizole or ethanol

Question 39

Wernike Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 39

thiamine deficiency→ paralysis of eye muscles, ataxia, confusion, coma, death

Question 40

Korsakoff psychosis

Answer 40

chronic disabling memory loss

Question 41

Alcoholism tx drug that is considerd dangerous and not recommended

Answer 41

Disulfiram