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Pharm III Unit 1 > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

Social life impaired for at least 1 mo

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2
Q

Alcoholism

A

Tolerance and dependence from prolonged alcohol abuse

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3
Q

Different response to alcohol in people more prone to become alcoholics

A

Marked increased in release of B-endorphins in dopamine reward pathway

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4
Q

Alcohol absorbed in

A

Stomach and small intestine

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5
Q

Alcohol metabolized by

A

ADH, MEOS/CYP2E1

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6
Q

Alcohol metabolism kinetic property

A

Zero order kinetics (rate independent of concentration)

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7
Q

Cofactor required for oxidation by ADH and ALDH

A

NAD+

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8
Q

Saturated NAD+ at low concentration causes

A

Less NAD+ for other E –> lactate and acetyl-CoA accumulation –> FA synthesis + lactic acidosis

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9
Q

Chronic alcohol induces which metabolic enzymes

A

CYP2E1 (2E1) and MEOS (CYP450s)

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10
Q

ASIANS LIKE ME LACK

A

ALDH

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11
Q

WOMAN LIKE ME HAVE

A

Lower ADH

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12
Q

Drug inhibits ALDH

A

Disulfiram

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13
Q

Drug inhibit ADH

A

Fomepizole

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14
Q

Alcohol effects GABA and NMDA receptors by

A

Down-regulating GABA receptors, up-regulate NMDA receptors

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15
Q

Cross tolerance of alcohol to

A

Benzo, Barbiturates

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16
Q

MOA of Alcohol

A 
Binds GABA(a) receptor --> increase Cl- influx --> enhance inhibitory GABA transmission
Increase DA in mesolimibc pathway
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17
Q

Anterograde amensia due to

A

blockade of NMDA receptors

18
Q

CNS effect with low concentrations of alcohol

A

disinhibition, decreased anxiety, mild euphoria, confidence increases, memory, concentration, mood swing

19
Q

CNS effect with high concentration of alcohol

A

motor fxn and judgement are impaired, speech slurs, and ataxia

20
Q

Effects of alcohol (immediate)

A

CNS effects
Smooth muscle: Vasodilator –> hypothermia
Heart: Depression of myocardial contractility
Kidney: Diuretic

21
Q

Tx of acute alcohol toxicity

A

Mgmt of resp depression, prevent emesis

22
Q

Hangovers due to

A

buildup of acetaldehyde, dehydration, and beginning of withdrawal

23
Q

If you have seizures from acute alcohol toxicity, treat w/

A

Lorazepam, phenytoin

24
Q

Effects of chronic abuse of alcohol on your liver

A

Gastritis, pancreatitis, liver dz, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cancer

25
Q

Malnutrition from chronic alcohol abuse

A

folate and thiamine

26
Q

CNS effects of chronic alcohol abuse

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Korsakoff’s psychosis, peripheral neuropathy

27
Q

Cardiovascular effects of chronic alcohol abuse

A

Cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, HTN

28
Q

Alcohol/drug interaction

A

Acetaminophen
Phenytoin
Benzo, barb, phenothiazines, TCA

29
Q

Pharm tx of alcoholism

A

Naltexone, acamprosate, disulfiram

30
Q

Drug that blocks ability of alcohol to stimulate the reward pathway

A

Naltrexone

31
Q

Drug that reduces alcohol craving

A

Naltrexone, acamprosate, topiramate

32
Q

Restores the normal balance of GABA and glutamate

A

Acamprosate

33
Q

Pt treated for alcoholism w/ a horrible liver rxn

A

give them acamprosate (excreted by kidney)

34
Q

Treatment for alcohol withdrawal

A

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, phenytoin

35
Q

Sxs of methanol poisoning

A

visual disturbances “like being in a snowstorm”

36
Q

Methanol metbaolzied by ADH creates

A

toxic aldehydes and oxalates

37
Q

Metabolic acidosis from

A

Methanol poisoning

38
Q

Tx for methanol poisoning

A

support respiration, lavage, alkalization for acidosis, dialysis
AND fomepizole or ethanol

39
Q

Wernike Korsakoff syndrome

A

thiamine deficiency→ paralysis of eye muscles, ataxia, confusion, coma, death

40
Q

Korsakoff psychosis

A

chronic disabling memory loss

41
Q

Alcoholism tx drug that is considerd dangerous and not recommended

A

Disulfiram

Pharm III Unit 1 (9 decks)

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