Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Pt 4 > Drug of Abuse > Flashcards

Drug of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Opioids (name some)

A 
Heroin
Morphine
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Opioids (mechanism)

A

u-opioid agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Opioids (reinforcing effects)

A

euphoria

sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Opioids (acute toxicity symptoms and treatment)

A

RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Miosis
COMA
Death, arrhythmias, convulsions are possible

Treatment: Naloxone (IV/SC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Opioids (tolerance)

A

Develops rapidly

Does NOT develop to constipation or miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Opioids (Dependence)

A

Develops rapidly (3-4 doses/day x 1-2 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Opioids (Withdrawl)

A

Rarely life-threatening
Irritability, insomnia, increased BP, increased HR, cramps, diarrhea,

Treatment: clonidine (decrease SNS signs), methadone

Relapse: buprenorphine +/- naloxone, naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ethanol (Mechanism)

A

CNS depressant

Facilitate GABA function
Inhibit GLU-NMDA fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ethanol (reinforcing effects)

A

Anxiolysis, sedation, loss of inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ethanol (acute toxicity symptoms and treatment)

A

RESPIRATORY depression
COMA
Death

Treatment: Supportive plus fluids, thiamine, electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ethanol (tolerance)

A

Moderately rapid

Tolerance to sedation-intoxication, less to lethal dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ethanol (Dependence)

A

YES

Within weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ethanol (Withdrawl- treatment and relapse treatment)

A

Significant risk of mortality due to seizures
Visual hallucination
Delirium tremens

Treatment: BDZ (flumazenil)
Relapse: acamprosate, naltrexone, disulfiram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benzodiazepines (mechanism)

A

CNS depressant

Facilitate GABA fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benzodiazepines (reinforcing effects)

A

anxiolysis
sedation
loss of inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benzodiazepines (acute toxicity symptoms and treatment)

A

Lethality rare, unless combined with other CNS depressants

Treatment: Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Benzodiazepines (tolerance)

A

Less than with ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Benzodiazepines (dependence)

A

Harder to become dependent than with ethanol but still possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Benzodiazepines (Withdrawl- treatment and relapse treatment)

A

Yes, can have seizures

Dose taper may require months

Treatment:
Busiprone is used for anxiety
Carbamazepine, phenobarbital are used as anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Barbiturates (mechanism of action)

A

CNS Depressant
Facilitate GABA fxn
Inhibit GLU-AMPA fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Barbiturates (Reinforcing effects)

A

anxiolysis
Sedation
Loss of inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Barbiturates (acute toxicity signs and treatment)

A

Respiratory depression
Coma
Death

Treatment: supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Barbiturates (tolerance)

A

Very rapid

Significant tolerance to sedation-intoxication but less to lethal dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Barbiturates (dependence)

A

YES

within weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Barbiturates (withdrawl)

A

Risk of mortality due to seizures

Treatment:
Busiprone is used for anxiety
Carbamazepine, phenobarbital are used as anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cocaine (machanism)

A

CNS stimulant

Inhibits monoamine reuptake transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cocaine (reinforcing effects)

A

euphoria
Decreased fatigue
increased arousal and confidence
appetite suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cocaine (acute toxicity- signs and treatment)

A 
SNS overactivity
Increased HR, BP, body temp
Chest pain
Arrhythmias
MI
Paranoid psychosis

Treatment:
CV support
Vaodilators for BP
BDZs for agitation/seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cocaine (tolerance)

A

Tolerance to euphoria, anorexia, hyperthermia

Supersensitivity to paranoia

30
Q

Cocaine (dependence)

A

Arguable

Lack of physiological symptoms

31
Q

Cocaine (withdrawl- symptoms and treatment)

A

Generally mild

sleepiness, fatigue, depression, hyperphagia, craving

Treatment: largely behavioral

32
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (mechanism)

A

CNS stimulants

Stimulate monoamine release

33
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (reinforcing effects)

A

euphoria
Decreased fatigue
increased arousal and confidence
appetite suppression

34
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (acute toxicity- signs and treatment)

A 
SNS overactivity
Increased HR, BP, body temp
Chest pain
Arrhythmias
MI
Paranoid psychosis

Treatment:
CV support
Vaodilators for BP
BDZs for agitation/seizures

35
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (Tolerance)

A

Tolerance to euphoria, anorexia, hyperthermia

Supersensitivity to paranoia

36
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (Dependence)

A

Arguable

Lack of physiological symptoms

37
Q

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine (Withdrawl- symptoms and treatment)

A

Generally mild

sleepiness, fatigue, depression, hyperphagia, craving

Treatment: largely behavioral

38
Q

Nicotine (mechanism)

A

CNS stimulant

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist

39
Q

Nicotine (reinforcing effects)

A

Milder stimulant than amphetamines

increased alertness

40
Q

Nicotine (acute toxicity- signs and treatment)

A

rare, unless ingestion of insecticide or tobacco products by children

n/v, diarrhea, weakness, CVP collapse, convulsions

Treatment: CVP support, emetics, gastric lavage, charcoal

41
Q

Nicotine (tolerance)

A

Tolerance to subjective effects and nausea

42
Q

Nicotine (dependence)

A

moderate development

43
Q

Nicotine (withdrawl- symptoms and treatment)

A

irritability, hostility, anxiety, increased appetite, weight gain

Relapse: nicotine replacement, bupropion, varenicline

44
Q

Indoleamines (name some!)

A

LSD
Psilocybin
Bufotenine

45
Q

Indoleamines (mechanism)

A

Hallucinogen

Partial agonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors

46
Q

Indoleamines (reinforcing effects)

A

altered sensory perception, hallucinations, intense arousal, mood elevation

47
Q

Indoleamines (acute toxicity- symptoms and treatment)

A

“bad trip”
severe anxiety
intense depression
visual disturbances

treatment:
“talking down”, BDZ for severe agitation

48
Q

Indoleamines (tolerance)

A

not common since repeated use unusual

49
Q

Indoleamines (dependence)

A

NO

no abstinence syndrome

50
Q

Indoleamines (withdrawl)

A

not known but “flashbacks” seen in some former users (hallucinogenic persisting perception disorder)

51
Q

Phenylethylamines (name some!)

A

MDMA

Mescaline

52
Q

Phenylethylamines (mechanism)

A

Hallucinogen

Partial agonist at 5HT-2 plus DA releasing actions

53
Q

Phenylethylamines (reinforcing effects)

A

pleasant sensory experience with enhanced perception, enhanced insight and self-knowledge

54
Q

Phenylethylamines (acute toxicity)

A

visual hallucinations, agitation, hyperthermia, increased ADH can lead to hyponatremia

55
Q

Phenylethylamines (tolerance)

A

not common since repeated use unusual

56
Q

Phenylethylamines (dependence)

A

NO

no abstinence syndrome

57
Q

Phenylethylamines (withdrawl)

A

not known but “flashbacks” seen in some former users (hallucinogenic persisting perception disorder)

58
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (name some!)

A

Phencyclidine
Ketamine
Nitrous oxide
Dextromethorphan

59
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (mechanism)

A

antagonist at GLU-NMDA receptors

60
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (reinforcing effects)

A

euphoria and heightened emotionality (low dose)

misperceptions, unreality (intermediate dose)

61
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (acute toxicity- signs and treatment)

A

delirium, increased RR, HR, BP, and body temp
Muscle rigidity
agitation
violent behavior

Treatment: supportive via control of BP, hyperthermia, agitation (with BDZ or antipsychotics)

62
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (tolerance)

A

not well studied

63
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (dependence)

A

probably not

64
Q

Dissociative anesthetics (withdrawl)

A

not observed

65
Q

Marijuana (mechanism)

A

Cannabinoid

agonist at cannabinoid receptors

66
Q

Marijuana (reinforcing effects)

A

euphoria, “mellowness”, changes in perception, mood, motivation

67
Q

Marijuana (acute toxicity)

A

minimal, possible anxiety, impaired coordination and tracking behavior
acute psychosis

68
Q

Marijuana (tolerance)

A

Develops rapidly to most effects

Disappears rapidly too

69
Q

Marijuana (dependence)

A

abuse potential is moderate

10% of chronic users become addicted

70
Q

Marijuana (withdrawl)

A

not clinically significant due to long t1/2

Mild symptoms following chronic high doses (malaise, headache, anxiety, nausea)

Neuro Pt 4 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions