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Phase 2a LM > Drug name and action > Flashcards

Drug name and action Flashcards

1
Q

name a bisphosphonate

A

alendronate

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2
Q

action of alendronate

A

inhibits osteoclast action by inhibiting enzyme FPP synthase

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3
Q

name a beta blocker

A

atenolol

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4
Q

action of atenolol

A

binds to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation

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5
Q

name a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker

A

atracurium

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6
Q

what is the class and action of atracurium

A

non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker. binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites to antagonise ACh action

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7
Q

name a thiazide diuretic

A

bendroflumethiazide

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8
Q

what is the action of bendroflumethiazide

A

blocks Na+/Cl- symporter in the DCT, therefore inhibiting Na+ reabsorption, more Na+,Cl- and water excreted

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9
Q

name a cephalosporin antibiotic

A

cefuroxime

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10
Q

what is the class and action of the antibiotic cefuroxime

A

cephalosporin class. inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

name an NSAID

A

ibuprofen
diclofenac
CELECOXIB

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12
Q

what is the class and action of celecoxib

A

NSAID. inhibits COX-2 (cyclooxygenase), inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

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13
Q

what type of antibiotic is chlorampenicol

A

one that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with substrate binding (bacteriostatic)

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14
Q

name an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis

A

chlorampenicol

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15
Q

name an immunosuppressant

A

ciclosporin

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16
Q

what is the action of ciclosporin

A

decreases lymphocyte function, binds to cytosolic protein inhibiting calcinuerin therefore there’s less infl cytokine production

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17
Q

name a quinolone antibiotic

A

ciprofloxacin

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18
Q

what is the class of ciprofloxacin and what is its action

A

quinolone antibiotic. inhibits DNA gyrase therefore preventing DNA replication

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19
Q

name a combination antibiotic

A

co-amoxiclav

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20
Q

what is the action of co-amoxiclav

A

clavulonic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, amoxicillin is a beta lactam so breaks down the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits cell wall synthesis

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21
Q

name an opioid analgesic

A

morphine

DIAMORPHINE (heroin)

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22
Q

what is the action of diamorphine

A

mu-opioid agonist, it acts on receptors in the CNS which produces an analgesic effect

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23
Q

name an example of a LMW heparin (other than heparin)

A

dalteparin

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24
Q

what is the action of dalteparin

A

inhibits the formation of factor Xa and thrombin

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25
Q

name a beta adrenergic agonist

A

dobutamine

26
Q

what is the class and action of dobutamine

A

beta-adrenergic agonist. directly stimulated beta-1 receptors in the heart, increasing myocardial contractility and stroke volume

27
Q

name an alpha-1 selective alpha blocker

A

doxazosin

28
Q

what is the class and action of doxazosin

A

inhibits post-synaptic alpha1 adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle therefore causing peripheral vasodilation

29
Q

name an alpha and beta agonist

A

ephedrine

30
Q

what is the action of ephedrine

A

stimulates adrenergic receptors and increases NAd release and action

31
Q

name a macrolide antibiotic

A

erythromycin

32
Q

what is the action of erythromycin

A

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis - bacteriostatic

33
Q

name an oestrogen and what is its action

A

ethinylestradiol. interacts with oestrogen receptors in target cells

34
Q

name a loop diuretic

A

furosemide

35
Q

what is the action of furosemide

A

blocks the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in the loop of hence, inhibiting water reabsorption

36
Q

name a muscarinic antagonist

A

ipratropium

37
Q

what is the action of ipratropium

A

blocks muscarininc ACh receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction, promotes cGMP degradation

38
Q

name an antimotility agent

A

loperamide

39
Q

what is the action of loperamide

A

acts on mu-opioid receptors in the peripheral NS (not CNS), slows motility

40
Q

name an anti-hyperglycaemic

A

metformin

41
Q

what is the action of metformin

A

decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity

42
Q

name a DMARD

A

methotrexate

43
Q

what is the action of methotrexate

A

in arthritis - inhibits purine metabolism (accumulation of adenosine leading to suppression of T cells).
in cancer - inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase DHFR, which stops the conversion of dietary folate to FH4, therefore lack of FH4 prevents cellular replication

44
Q

name an anticholinergic

A

oxybutinin

45
Q

what is the class and action of oxybutinin

A

anticholinergic. antagonist of M1,2,3 muscarinic ACh receptors, decreases muscle spasms of the bladder

46
Q

what is the action of paracetamol

A

COX enzyme inhibition in the CNS directly

47
Q

name and ACE-inhibitor and what is its action

A

ramipril. inhibits ACE activity, therefore less angiotensin 2 produced, and less bradykinin breakdown, relaxation of arterial smooth muscle

48
Q

name a semisynthetic antibiotic

A

rifampicin

49
Q

what is the action of rifampicin

A

inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme - no RNA synthesis

50
Q

name an anticoagulant

A

rivaroxiban

51
Q

what is the action of rivaroxiban

A

competitive irreversible inhibition of factor Xa, prevents thrombin formation

52
Q

name a beta 2 agonist

A

salmeterol

53
Q

what is the action of salmetorl

A

beta 2 stimulation causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

54
Q

name a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor

A

sildenafil

55
Q

what is the action of sildenafil

A

increases cGMP to cause smooth muscle relaxation - vasodilation

56
Q

name a paralytic

A

suxamethonium

57
Q

what is the action of suxamethonium

A

mimics ACh at NMJ, with slow hydrolysis- prolongs depolarisation = NM blockade

58
Q

name an alpha blocker

A

tamsulosin

59
Q

what is the action of tamsulosin

A

selective alpha-1 antagonist, causes relaxation in smooth muscle = less resistance to urinary flow = less pain in BPH

60
Q

what is the class and action of tramadol

A

opioid. agonist of mu-opioid receptors, serotonin and NAd reuptake inhibitor, enhances serotonin release

Phase 2a LM (7 decks)

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