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Psychiatry > Drug Misuse > Flashcards

Drug Misuse Flashcards

1
Q

Good effects of taking stimulants

A

Stimulant and euphoriant

Increased confidence and impaired judgement

Lessens appetite and desire for sleep

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2
Q

Bad effects of taking stimulants

A

Damage to nose and airways

Convulsions with respiratory failure

Cardiac arrythmia’s and MI

Hypertension and CVA

Toxic confusion

Paranoid psychosis

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3
Q

Cocaine withdrawal effects

A

Depression

Irritability

Agitation

Craving

Hyperphagia

Hypersomnia

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4
Q

What are the extreme effects of using amphetamines

A

Toxic confusion occasionally with convulsions and death

Amphetamine psychosis in heavy chronic use

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5
Q

Opiates available

A 
Opium 
Morphine 
Heroin (diamorphine)
Methadone 
Codeine and dihydrocodeine
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6
Q

The risks of injecting heroin

A

Take too much leading to medical consequences

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7
Q

Effects of heroin

A 
Analgesia 
Drowsiness and sleep 
Mood change - euphoria, intense pleasure
Respiratory depression 
Cough reflex depression (marketed as a cough medicine)
Decreased symp outflow (bradycardia and hypotension) 
Lowering of body temperature 
Pupillary constriction 
Constipation
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8
Q

Severe effects of heroin

A

Respiratory arrest

Pinpoint pupils unreactive to light

Bradycardia and hypotension

Varying degree of reduced consciousness/coma

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9
Q

The “good” effects of opiates

A

Intense but transient feeling of pleasure

  • a rush
  • orgasmic
  • physical and emotional anaesthetic
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10
Q

Side effects of opiates

A

Fist time - nausea/vomiting and headache

Medium term - phlebitis, anorexia, constipation

Longer term - tolerance, withdrawal, social and health problems

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11
Q

Symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome

A 
Craving
Insomnia 
Muscle pain and cramps 
Increased salivary, nasal and lacrimal gland secretions 
Dilated pupils 
Piloerection - hairs stand on end
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12
Q

Ecstasy (NMDA) effects

A

Euphoria followed by feeling of calm

Increased sociability
Inability to distinguish between what is and isn’t desirable

Effects after 20 mins lasting 2-4 hours

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13
Q

Side effects of ecstasy

A

Nausea and dry mouth

Club users risk dehydration

Increased blood pressure and temperature

Large doses can cause anxiety and panic

Drug induces psychosis

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14
Q

What is the psychoactive agent in cannabis

A

Tatrahydrocannabinol

Skunk has a high THC content

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15
Q

Psychological effects for cannabis

A

Relaxing or stimulating, euphoriant, increasing sociability and hilarity, increases appetite, changes in time perception, synaesthesia

In higher doses - anxiety, panic, persecutory ideation, hallucinatory activity

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16
Q

I’ll effects of cannabis

A

Respiratory problems as with tobacco

Toxic confusion

Exacerbation of major mental illness

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17
Q

Side effects of steroids

A

Acne, stretch marks, baldness

Feminisation in males with hypotonia disk and gynaecomastia

Virilisation in women including hirsutism, deep voice, clitoral enlargement, menstrual irregularities, hair thinning

CV - increased cholesterol and HT

Growth deficits

Liver - cholestatic jaundice and liver tumours

Psychological - roid rage, hypomania and mania, depression and suicidality on withdrawal

18
Q

Effects of cocaine relative to form

A

Smoking - immediate but over very quickly
Injecting - 15-30 secs
Snorting - 3-5 mins

19
Q

Define tolerance

A

A drugs early effects are later achievable only by higher doses

20
Q

Acute intoxication

A

Cluster of effects reacted to recent substance use that can’t be explained by another medical disorder

21
Q

Define harmful use

A

Causing damage to physical health

22
Q

Define dependence

A

Clusters of behavioural, cognitive and physiological phenomena

Includes-

  • strong desire to take
  • difficult controlling use
  • persisting in use desp[ite harmful consequences
  • higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations
  • increased tolerance
  • possibly withdrawal for at least 1 month or repeatedly over 12 months

3 or more symptoms present daily for at least 1 month to repeatedly over 12 months

23
Q

Withdrawal state

A

Group of symptoms variable clustering and severity occulting on absolute or relative withdrawal of a psychoactive substance, after persistent use of that substance

24
Q

Benefits of methadone

A
  • stops or greatly reduces heroin use
  • stops or reduces injecting
  • improves physical health, nutrition and reduces mortality
  • reduces crime and debt
  • allows for more stable relationships
  • methadone does not damage any major organ even in high dose over a long time
25
Q

Downsides of methadone

A
  • substitute therefore ongoing physical dependence
  • stigma
  • treatment is long term
  • difficult to come off
  • potential for abuse
  • potential for ongoing contact with other users
26
Q

What is Naloxone

A

Opioid antidote intramuscular injection

Temporarily reverses opioid overdose

27
Q

Specific signs of alcohol intoxication

A

Disinhibition

Argumentative

Aggression

Impaired attention

Impaired judgement

Unsteady gait/posture

Slurred speech

Flushed face, red eyes

28
Q

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

A 
Tremor 
Weakness 
Nausea and vomiting 
Mood disturbance - anxiety, depression 
Hallucinations 
Seizures 
Confusion 
Delusions 
Agitation 
Death
29
Q

Management of the alcohol dependent

A

Full assessment…
Motivation interviewing
Practical advice and harm reduction
Counselling

Medication - detoxification (stop alcohol use and help person feel comfortable and minimise risk, may use benzodiazepines); thiamine for cognitive function

30
Q

Define tolerance

A

A drugs early effects are later achievable only by higher doses

31
Q

Acute intoxication

A

Cluster of effects reacted to recent substance use that can’t be explained by another medical disorder

32
Q

Define harmful use

A

Causing damage to physical health

33
Q

Define dependence

A

Clusters of behavioural, cognitive and physiological phenomena

Includes-

  • strong desire to take
  • difficult controlling use
  • persisting in use desp[ite harmful consequences
  • higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations
  • increased tolerance
  • possibly withdrawal for at least 1 month or repeatedly over 12 months

3 or more symptoms present daily for at least 1 month to repeatedly over 12 months

34
Q

Withdrawal state

A

Group of symptoms variable clustering and severity occulting on absolute or relative withdrawal of a psychoactive substance, after persistent use of that substance

35
Q

Benefits of methadone

A
  • stops or greatly reduces heroin use
  • stops or reduces injecting
  • improves physical health, nutrition and reduces mortality
  • reduces crime and debt
  • allows for more stable relationships
  • methadone does not damage any major organ even in high dose over a long time
36
Q

Downsides of methadone

A
  • substitute therefore ongoing physical dependence
  • stigma
  • treatment is long term
  • difficult to come off
  • potential for abuse
  • potential for ongoing contact with other users
37
Q

What is Naloxone

A

Opioid antidote intramuscular injection

Temporarily reverses opioid overdose

38
Q

Specific signs of alcohol intoxication

A

Disinhibition

Argumentative

Aggression

Impaired attention

Impaired judgement

Unsteady gait/posture

Slurred speech

Flushed face, red eyes

39
Q

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

A 
Tremor 
Weakness 
Nausea and vomiting 
Mood disturbance - anxiety, depression 
Hallucinations 
Seizures 
Confusion 
Delusions 
Agitation 
Death
40
Q

Management of the alcohol dependent

A

Full assessment…
Motivation interviewing
Practical advice and harm reduction
Counselling

Medication - detoxification (stop alcohol use and help person feel comfortable and minimise risk, may use benzodiazepines); thiamine for cognitive function

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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