Drug metabolism

Question 1

what is phase 1 of drug metabolism

Answer 1

• biotransfomtion of a drug to a more polar metabolite by introduction / unmasking functional groups
• normally oxidation (P450s)

Question 2

what is phase 2 of drug metabolism

Answer 2

• drugs or phase 1 metabolites which are not polar enough to be excreted rapidly enough by the kindeys are made even more hydrophilic by conjugation with endogenous compounds in the liver

Question 3

what is pyridostigmine used to treat

Answer 3

MG

Question 4

what happens in MG

Answer 4

circulating IgG antibodies cause a loss of functional ACh receptors in skeletal muscle

Question 5

which family is pyridostigmine from

Answer 5

anticholesterase

Question 6

where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord and where do they synapse

Answer 6

thoracolumbar region
T1-L3
synapse in the prevertebral ganglia or the prevertral ganglia + plexuses in the abdominal cavity

Question 7

transmitter of symapthetic nerves is

Answer 7

noradreanline

Question 8

where do some sympathetic fibres pass directly to

Answer 8

the adrenal medulla –> Release of adreanline

Question 9

where do parasympathetic fibres leave the spinal cord

Answer 9

Cn3,7,9,10 + the 3rd and 4th sacral spinal roots

Question 10

where do parasymapthetic fibres synapse

Answer 10

directly with the tissue itself

Question 11

what is released by the nerve endings of postganglionic parasympathetic fibres

Answer 11

acetylcholine

Question 12

how does acytle chloline produce its effects

Answer 12

by activating muscraininc receptors