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FOM week 10 > drug metabolism > Flashcards

drug metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

why cytochrome P450 is responsible for the generic variation in the metabolism of warfarin?

A

CYP2C9

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2
Q

where does metabolism take place

A

in the liver

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2
Q

define drug metabolism

A

modification through specialized enzymes

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3
Q

state 3 outcomesof the liver when it comes to metabolism

A

convert drug from toxic to non-toxic

activate prodrug

convert drug from active to inactive (helps with excretion)

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4
Q

what does ‘wide substrate specificity’ of metabolic enzymes mean?

A

the drug can be metabolised by more than one enzyme

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5
Q

what 2 processes are used to achieve drug metabolism

A

phase 1 metabolism
phase 2 metabolism

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6
Q

what reactions occur in phase 1 metabolism

A

HOR

-hydrolysis
-oxidation
-reduction

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7
Q

what is the role of phase 1 metabolism ?

A

to increase polarity of the drug and get ready for phase 2 metabolism

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8
Q

state 3 enzymes in phase 1 metabolism

A

CYP1A2

CYP2D6

CYP3A4

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8
Q

what is the family of enzymes that are in phase 1 metabolism

A

P-450

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9
Q

where is CYP3A4 found

A

in the liver

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10
Q

what does CYP1A2 metabolise ?

A

theophylline

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11
Q

what does CYP2D6 metabolise

A

antidepressants

converts codeine to morphine

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12
Q

how does smoking affect CYP2D6

A

CYP2D6 is induced by smoking

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13
Q

Which phase 1 enzyme isnt induced by smoking

A

CYP3A4

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14
Q

what phase involves conjugation ?

A

phase 2 metabolism

15
Q

what is conjugation?

A

combing drugs to a functional group to increase its polarity

16
Q

what groups are used to conjugate a drug in phase 2

A

glutathione

glucaronic acid

aceytl

sulphate

17
Q

in what ways do herbal things affect drug metabolism and give 2 examples of herbal substances

A

can cause enzyme inhibition and induction

2 examples include alcohol and smoking

18
Q

how long does induction take to become apparent

A

weeks to months

18
Q

what are 2 common drugs that inhibit drug metabolism

A

erythromycin & clarythromycin

19
Q

What two aspects of the liver can effect drug metabolism?

A

liver disease

hepatic blood flow

20
Q

How does ethnicity effect drug metabolism?

A

Variation in expression of P-450 genes leading to different levels of drug metabolizing enzymes between races

FOM week 10 (4 decks)

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