drug excretion Flashcards
where are drugs usually excreted ?
kidney
what are 3 mechanisms used in drug excretion
glomerular filtration
active tubular secretion
passive tubular reabsorption
what does active tubular secretion mainly excrete
protein bound anaonic and cataonic drugs
is a prodrug active or inactive
inactive
what is an essential characteristic of a drug in order to be EXCRETED?
needs to be water soluble ( through phase 1 & 2 metabolism theyr’e made soluble)
what is pharmacogenetics ?
genetic variation affecting drug responses in different individuals
state 3polymorphisms that contribute to drug metabolism
CYP2D6(antidepressant, codeine to morphine)
CYP2C9
CYP2C19
give 3 environmental factors that alter drug metabolic activity
age
gender
ethnicity
lack or decreased activity of a metabolising enzymes for drugs can often lead to what?
toxicity (happens in pregnant women alot)
name or be familiar with the different types of drug interactions
food & drink drug interaction
herbal drug interaction
drug drug interaction
what % of drug drug interactions are clinically significant ?
5-10%
in terms of drug interaction state the precipitant and the object
precipitant - agent causing the interaction
object - the drug
state one feature of most object drugs
narrow therapeutic range
what are drugs secreted by ? state 2 things
urine or bile
what is polypharmacy
taking medications one after another continuously
state the types of adverse drug reactions
Types A - F
What does type B adverse reaction stand for
bizarre
what is the most common adverse drug reaction and state %
type A 80%
main risk factor of drug drug interaction
polypharmacy
what are 2 types of type A adverse drug reactions
augmentation of primary effect
augmentation of secondary effect
what can maltreatrment of medication to a mother cause in a fetus ?
teratogenesis
what colour card scheme is used to report all adverse drug reactions
yellow card scheme
is subcutaneous drug delivery injection form? and what is it used for
yes
to inject insulin
Why are inhalation drugs useful?
delivered directly to the site of action
avoids 1st pass metabolism
