drug excretion

Question 1

where are drugs usually excreted ?

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

what are 3 mechanisms used in drug excretion

Answer 2

glomerular filtration
active tubular secretion
passive tubular reabsorption

Question 3

what does active tubular secretion mainly excrete

Answer 3

protein bound anaonic and cataonic drugs

Question 3

is a prodrug active or inactive

Answer 3

inactive

Question 3

what is an essential characteristic of a drug in order to be EXCRETED?

Answer 3

needs to be water soluble ( through phase 1 & 2 metabolism theyr’e made soluble)

Question 4

what is pharmacogenetics ?

Answer 4

genetic variation affecting drug responses in different individuals

Question 5

state 3polymorphisms that contribute to drug metabolism

Answer 5

CYP2D6(antidepressant, codeine to morphine)
CYP2C9
CYP2C19

Question 5

give 3 environmental factors that alter drug metabolic activity

Answer 5

age
gender
ethnicity

Question 6

lack or decreased activity of a metabolising enzymes for drugs can often lead to what?

Answer 6

toxicity (happens in pregnant women alot)

Question 7

name or be familiar with the different types of drug interactions

Answer 7

food & drink drug interaction

herbal drug interaction

drug drug interaction

Question 8

what % of drug drug interactions are clinically significant ?

Answer 8

5-10%

Question 9

in terms of drug interaction state the precipitant and the object

Answer 9

precipitant - agent causing the interaction

object - the drug

Question 10

state one feature of most object drugs

Answer 10

narrow therapeutic range

Question 11

what are drugs secreted by ? state 2 things

Answer 11

urine or bile

Question 12

what is polypharmacy

Answer 12

taking medications one after another continuously

Question 13

state the types of adverse drug reactions

Answer 13

Types A - F

Question 14

What does type B adverse reaction stand for

Answer 14

bizarre

Question 15

what is the most common adverse drug reaction and state %

Answer 15

type A 80%

Question 15

main risk factor of drug drug interaction

Answer 15

polypharmacy

Question 16

what are 2 types of type A adverse drug reactions

Answer 16

augmentation of primary effect

augmentation of secondary effect

Question 17

what can maltreatrment of medication to a mother cause in a fetus ?

Answer 17

teratogenesis

Question 18

what colour card scheme is used to report all adverse drug reactions

Answer 18

yellow card scheme

Question 19

is subcutaneous drug delivery injection form? and what is it used for

Answer 19

yes
to inject insulin

Question 20

Why are inhalation drugs useful?

Answer 20

delivered directly to the site of action

avoids 1st pass metabolism

Question 21

Whats the main benefit of nanoparticle carriers?

Answer 21

allows specific delivery of drugs