Drug Mechanisms

Question 1

Maraviroc

Answer 1

Fusion inhibitor

-Binds CCR-5 on surface of T cells/monocytes, inhibiting interaction with p120

Question 2

Enfuvirtide

Answer 2

Fusion inhibitor

-Binds gp41, inhibiting viral entry

Question 3

Raltegravir

Answer 3

Integrase inhibitor

-Inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversible inhibiting HIV integrase

Question 4

Efavirenz

Answer 4

NNRTI
-Binds to reverse transcriptase at site different from NRTIs. Do not require phosphorylation to be active or compete with nucleotides

Question 5

Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Tenofovir

Answer 5

NRTI
-Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain (lack a 3’ OH group). Tenofovir is a nucleoTide while others are nucleosides and need to be phosphorylated to be active.

Question 6

Atazanavir

Darunavir

Answer 6

Protease Inhibitors
-Assembly of visions depends on HIV-1 protease (pol gene), which cleaves the polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts. Thus, protease inhibitors prevent maturation of new viruses.

Question 7

Ritonavir

Answer 7

Unique Protease Inhibitor

-Ritonavir can “boost” other drug concentrations by inhibiting cytochrome P-450

Question 8

Zidovudine (ZDT, formerly AZT)

Answer 8

Special NRTI

-Used for general prophylaxis and during pregnancy to dec. risk of fetal transmission