Drug List

Question 1

What does Hemicholinium do?

Answer 1

Binds to cholinergic synapse membrane
Inhibits precursor uptake for ACh
This causes less synthesis of ACh

Question 2

What does AMPT do?

Answer 2

Binds to Noradenergic synapses

Inhibits synthesis enzyme cascade for NA

Question 3

What does Conotoxin do?

Answer 3

Inhibits calcium release from V gated channel

This prevents release of vesicles by exocytosis

Question 4

What does Mg2+ do?

Answer 4

Blocks Ca2+ entry at neuromuscular junction

This causes less ACh release

Question 5

What does Botox do (apart from cosmetic)?

Answer 5

Interferes with SNARE proteins inhibiting ACh vesicle fusion

This causes less ACh release

Question 6

What does Clondine do?

Answer 6

Inhibits presynaptic receptor binding of NA at noradrenergic synapses
This prevents reuptake of NA by presynapse so enhances stimulation

Question 7

What do MOAIs do?

Answer 7

Inhibits peripheral catecholamine breakdown

This increases NA and A avail to treat anxiety and depression

Question 8

What does Fluoxetine do?

Answer 8

Used therapeutically to inhibit 5-HT reuptake at serotonergic synapses
This enhances 5-HT effect

Question 9

What does Edrophonium do?

Answer 9

It is an anticholinesterase

it reverses muscle relaxation and is used in surgery.

Question 10

What does Neostigmine do?

Answer 10

It is an anticholinesterase

Prolong deposition/ enhances transmission

Question 11

What does Dyflos do?

Answer 11

It is an irriversible anticholinesterase

Prolong deposition/ enhances transmission

Question 12

What does Ecothiopate do?

Answer 12

It is an irriversible anticholinesterase

Prolong deposition/ enhances transmission

Question 13

What does Benzodiazepine tranquilisers do?

Answer 13

Bind to GABA receptor/Cl- ion channel complex to enhance channel opening
This increases effects of GABA.

Question 14

What does Viagra do?

Answer 14

Inhibits breakdown of second messenger, cGMP produced by nitric oxide in erectile tissue; PDE5 inhibitor
Increased blood flow to genitals

Question 15

What are some examples of nondepolarizing muscle relaxers, and what do they do?

Answer 15

Atracurium, vecuronium, tubocurarine

Reversibly bind to NAChR at NMJ
This relaxes muscles

Question 16

What does Suxamethonium do?

Answer 16

Continuously stimulates receptor causing desensitization
Agonist on NAChR – NMJ
This relaxes muscles

Question 17

What does Salbutamol do?

Answer 17

It is a Bronchodilator

Question 18

What does Dobutamine do?

Answer 18

Agonist on b1 and b2 sympathetic adrenoreceptors

Increase CO; used to increase cardiac force of contraction in patients with acute heart failure (end stage)

Question 19

What does Reserpine do?

Answer 19

Causes leakage of NT, inhibiting storage of Noradrenergic vesicles and dopaminergic vesicles
Less NA/NT release into synaptic cleft

Question 20

What does L-DOPA do?

Answer 20

Its the precursor to dopamine

Excess L-DOPA increases production of dopamine

Question 21

What does Guanethidine do?

Answer 21

Inhibits terminal depolarisation at Noradrenergic synapses and displaces NA

Question 22

What do Amphetamines do?

Answer 22

Displaces NA and A to enhance sympathetic effect

Question 23

What does Tyramine do?

Answer 23

Displaces NA or A and inhibits NA uptake.

This decreases gut motility, increases HR, force and BP

Question 24

What does Cocaine do?

Answer 24

Inhibits NA reuptake; interferes with action of NA transporter
Enhances sympathetic effect

Question 25

What do Tricyclic antidepressants do?

Answer 25

Inhibits NA reuptake to increase sympathetic effects

Question 26

What does Prazozsin do?

Answer 26

Antagonist on a1 adrenreceptors to reduce BP

Question 27

What does Propranolol do?

Answer 27

Antagonist on b1 and b2 adrenoreceptors. | Treats myocardial infarctions and angina

Question 28

What does Metoprolol do?

Answer 28

Antagonist on b1 adrenoreceptors | Reduces arrythimias due to sympathetic overactivity

Question 29

What does Phenylephrine do?

Answer 29

Agonist on a1 adrenoreceptors | Treats acute hypotension and nasal congestion

Question 30

What does Tizanidine do?

Answer 30

Aagonist on a2 adrenoreceptors | Is a muscles relaxant

Question 31

What does Amitriptyline do?

Answer 31

Inhibits NA uptake | Enhances sympathetic transmission

Question 32

What does Imipramine do?

Answer 32

Inhibits NA uptake to enhance sympathetic transmission | Also inhibits seratonin uptake and is an antidepressant

Question 33

What does a-methyl-p-tyrosine do?

Answer 33

Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase | Prevents catecholamine synthesis

Question 34

What does Isoprenaline do?

Answer 34

Agonist on B2 adrenoreceptors and causes a fall in BP | Agonist on postsynaptic B1 adrenoreceptors in heart to increase rate and force

Question 35

What does Hexamethonium do?

Answer 35

Antagonist on ganglionic NAChR | Antihypertensive

Question 36

What does Phenoxybenzamine do?

Answer 36

Antagonist on a1 and a2 adrenoreceptors | Treats adrenal gland tissue tumor

Question 37

What does Trimetaphan do?

Answer 37

Antagonist on ganglionic NAChR. Sometimes used to control hypotension in surgery

Question 38

What does Atropine do?

Answer 38

Antagonist on muscarinic receptors | In surgery; blocks secretions; dilates pupils; reduces GI motility; treats LUTS

Question 39

What does Hyoscine do?

Answer 39

Antagonist on muscarinic receptors | Antimotion sickness; reduces GI motility; treats LUTS

Question 40

What does Ipratropium do?

Answer 40

Antagonist on muscarinic receptors | Bronchodilator

Question 41

What does Policarpine do?

Answer 41

Antagonist on muscarinic receptors | Ciliary contraction to treat glaucoma

Question 42

What does Bethanechol do?

Answer 42

Antagonist on muscarinic receptors | Stimulates gut motility; assists in bladder emptying

Question 43

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 43

Reduces levels of angiotensin causing a vasodilating effect; inhibits in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 44

What does ARB inhibitors do?

Answer 44

Treat hypertension along with calcium channel blockers

Question 45

What does Amlodipine do?

Answer 45

Selective calcium channel blocker Treats angina and hypertension due to vasodilator effects

Question 46

What does Verapamil do?

Answer 46

``` Nonselective calcium channel blocker Treats angina and hypertension; class 4 antiarrhythmic drug (reduces excitability at SA and AV nodes) ```

Question 47

What does Amiodarone do?

Answer 47

Blocks repolarizing K+ channel; prolongs action potential and therefore refractory period of heart

Question 48

What does Lidocaine do?

Answer 48

Blocks fast sodium channel reducing excitability in cardiac muscle outside of SA and AV node in the heart

Question 49

What do organic nitrates do?

Answer 49

Acts on blood vessels to decrease preload decreasing cardiac workload and O2 demand; Treats angina

Question 50

What does Ivabradine do?

Answer 50

Inhibits pacemaker ‘funny’ current | Treats angina and heart failure by decreases cardiac O2 demand bc it slows diastole so more blood can reach the heart

Question 51

What does Digoxin do?

Answer 51

It is a positive inotrope

Question 52

What does Ranolazine do?

Answer 52

Decreases diastolic stiffness so is a positive inotrope

Question 53

What does Nicorandil do?

Answer 53

Ca2+ channel blocker | Decreases TPR decreases heart workload and O2 demand

Question 54

What does Oxybutynin do?

Answer 54

Treats overactive bladder

Question 55

What does Mirabegron do?

Answer 55

Treats overactive bladder

Question 56

What does Ambrisentan do?

Answer 56

Treats pulmonary hypertension

Question 57

What does Ileprost do?

Answer 57

Treats pulmonary hypertension