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Dispensing lec 2nd Exam > Drug Interactions > Flashcards

Drug Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

In drug interactions, the effectsof one drug are changedby the presence of:

A

Another drug
Herbal medicine
Food or drink
Environmental chemical agent

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2
Q

MAOi’s+ TyramineRich foods (eg. Cheese)

A

Harmful

Hypertensive crisis

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3
Q

Anti-hypertensives+ Diuretics

A

Beneficial

Increased antihypertensive effect

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4
Q

Magnesium + Aluminum

A

Beneficial
Decreased diarrhea
Decreased constipation

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5
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

A
  1. Drug -food
  2. Drug -laboratory test
  3. Drug -drug
  4. Drug -herb
  5. Drug -patient
  6. Drug -procedure
  7. Drug -environment
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6
Q

Factors affecting Drug-Food Interaction

A
  1. Formulation characteristics
  2. Type of food
  3. Ingested relative time of food and drug intake
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7
Q

Physiological effects of food

A

Reduce gastric irritation
Increase gastric emptying rate
Stimulate gastric secretion of digestive enzymes, acids and bile

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8
Q

■Potent enzyme inhibitor
■Effect persists for 72 hours
■Calcium channel blockers, statins, Antidepressants

A

Grapefruit

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9
Q

Absorption increased by food

A 
Acarbose
Groseofulvin 
Itraconazole 
Metoprolol 
Theophylline
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10
Q

False (+) glucose in urine (Benedict’s test)

A

Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, VitC., INH, Streptomycin

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11
Q

False (-) Thyroid Function test

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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12
Q

Change in urine color

A

Rifampin (red-orange),
VitB2 (intense yellow),
Chloroquine (brown)

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13
Q

Phenomenon that occurs when the effects (pharmacodynamics) or pharmacokineticsof a drug are altered by the prior administration or co-administration of a second drug

A

Drug-drug interaction

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14
Q

complex molecule that bind/ interact with an active molecule such as drug or hormone

A

Receptor

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15
Q

Ability to bind with receptors

A

Affinity

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16
Q

Drug + Receptor —> Drug-receptor complex —> Response

A

Intrinsic Activity/Efficacy

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17
Q

Amount or concentration of drug to elicit pharmacologic response

A

Potency

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18
Q

2 key players of drug-drug interactions

A

Object

Precipitant

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19
Q

Drug induces a change in the patient’s response to a drug without altering the pharmacokinetics

A

Pharmacodynamic interactions

20
Q

Change in drug action without altered plasma concentration

A

Pharmacodynamic interactions

21
Q

Reaponse equal to combined individual responses

A

Addition

22
Q

Aspirin + warfarin

A

Addition

23
Q

Alcohol + CNS depressants

A

Addition

24
Q

Response GREATER than combined individual responses

A

Synergism

25
Q

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (antimicrobials)

A

Synergism

26
Q

Sildenafil and Iloprost(vasodilators)

A

Synergism

27
Q

Flucytosineand Amphotericin B (fungal infections)

A

Synergism

28
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Co-amoxiclav)

A

Potantiation

29
Q

4 types of antagonism

A

■Chemical
■Functional
■Competitive/ Reversible
■Noncompetitive/ Irreversible

30
Q

Agonist and antagonist will react through a chemical reaction and the antagonist will counter the effect of the agonist

A

Chemical antagonism

31
Q

2 Agonist drugs that act independently of each other but has opposite effects that cancels out each other’s effects

A

Functional antagonism

32
Q

■Antagonist combines with receptor but has no intrinsic activity
■DisplacementEffect

A

Competitive / Reversible antagonism

33
Q

Antagonist binds to an allosteric site causing conformational change on the receptor inhibiting binding and eventually reducing response

A

Non-conpetitive / Irreversible antagonism

34
Q

Primary factors of assessing drug interactions

A

Onset
Severity
Documentation

35
Q

Determines the urgency with which preventive measures should be instituted to avoid the consequences of the interaction

A

Onset

36
Q

Assessing risk vs. benefit of therapeutic alternatives

A

Severity

37
Q

•Bothersome or unnoticeable•Does not affect therapeutic outcome•Additional treatment not required

A

Minor severity

38
Q

•Deterioration in patient’s clinical status•Additional treatment, hospitalization, extended hospital stay

A

Moderate severity

39
Q

•Life-threatening or capable of causing permanent damage

A

Major severity

40
Q

Determines degree of confidence that an interaction can cause an altered clinical response

A

Documentation

41
Q

Proven to occur in well-controlled studies

A

Established

42
Q

Very likely but not proven clinically

A

Probable

43
Q

May occur; some good data; needs more study

A

Suspected

44
Q

Could occur; data very limited

A

Possible

45
Q

Doubtful; no good evidence of altered clinical effect

A

Unlikely

Dispensing lec 2nd Exam (4 decks)

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