Drug Group 1 A/B Flashcards
CLASS
Morphine Sulfate
-Opioid Analgesic (Relieve Pain)
MOA
Morphine Sulfate
-Elevates pain threshold by acting on the pain receptors in the brain.
-Depresses CNS (Central Nervous System) and respiratory centers in the brain.
-Increased venous capacitance, vasodilates arterioles, reduces preload and after load.
INDICATIONS
Morphine Sulfate
-Analgesia (relieve pain)
-Pulmonary Edema (“wet lung”/excess fluid in lungs)
ADULT DOSE & ROUTE
Morphine Sulfate
-Acute chest pain
*2-4 mg slow IV/IO/IM push (may repeat with 2-8 mg in 5-15 mins as needed)
-Pain management
* 1-5 mg slow IV/IO/IM push (may repeat as needed)
CLASS
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-Analgesic (pain reliever)
-Antipyretic (reduces fever)
-Anti-Inflammatory (reduces swelling)
MOA
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-Decreases platelet aggregation(clumping) by blocking Thromboxane a2(TXA2) (hormone that stimulates platelet aggregation)
INDICATIONS
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-Chest pain, ECG changes or other signs/symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
-Unstable Angina (chest pain/discomfort)
ADULT DOSE & ROUTE
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
- 162-324 mg PO (by mouth)
*4x81 mg chewable tablets)
CLASS
Furosemide (Lasix)
-Loop Diuretic (Inhibits resorption of water and Sodium from the Loop of Henle)
MOA
Furosemide (Lasix)
-Inhibits Electrolyte reabsorption in the ascending Loop of Henle
-Promotes excretion of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
-Increased Venous capacity and decreases after load due to Vasodilation
INDICATIONS
Furosemide (Lasix)
-Pulmonary Edema, secondary to Renal Failure
-Congestive Heart Failure
ADULT DOSE & ROUTE
Furosemide (Lasix)
-IV Lasix: 0.5-1 mg/kg IV/IO slow over 1-2 minutes
* If no response, double the 2nd dose to 2 mg/kg IV/IO slow (max 40mg)
-PO Lasix: 2x patients normal daily dose
* If no effect in 20 minutes, may repeat with 2x first dose
CLASS
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Vasodilator (widen blood vessels)
-Antianginal (relieve Angina Pectoris)
MOA
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Smooth muscle relaxant acting on Vascular, Uterine, Bronchial, Intestinal smooth muscle
-Decreases Preload - increases workload of hearts right side by causing blood pooling
-Decreases Afterload - Arterial Vasodilation
-Coronary Artery Vasodilation increases blood flow to Myocardium and decreases Myocardial oxygen demand
INDICATIONS
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Angina
-Myocardial Infarction (MI)
-Congestive Heart Failure with Pulmonary Edema
ADULT DOSE & ROUTE
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-0.4 mg SL tablet/spray
*may repeat up to 3 doses every 5 minutes if Systolic BP is greater than 90 mmHg
Onset of Action
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
30-45 minutes
Peak effect
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
1 to 2 hours
Duration of Action
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
4 to 6 hours
Onset of Action
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
1 to 3 minutes
Peak effect
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
5 to 10 minutes
Duration of Action
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
20 to 30 minutes
Onset of Action
Morphine Sulfate
Seconds
Peak effect
Morphine Sulfate
20 minutes
Duration of Action
Morphine Sulfate
2-4 hours
Onset of Action
Furosemide (Lasix)
5 minutes
Peak effect
Furosemide (Lasix)
20-60 minutes
Duration of Action
Furosemide (Lasix)
Varies
Contraindications
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-Bleeding ulcer, hemorrhagic states, hemophilia
-known hypersensitivity to salicylates or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
-children and adolescents
Adverse reactions
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-Use with caution in patients with asthma history, anaphylactic reactions have occurred
Pediatric dose & route
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
None
Special notes
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)
-ASA is heat and light sensitive
-Odor of acetic acid (vinegar like smell) indicates med has degraded or is no longer good
Contraindications
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg)
-Hypovolemia
-Use of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs in the last 24 hours.
-Suspected head bleed or increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
Adverse reactions
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Cardiovascular: hypotension, reflex tachycardia, bradycardia
-Headache
Pediatric dose
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
None
Special notes
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
-Not compatible with other vasodilators
-Nitroglycerin is heat and light sensitive
-It is best to establish an IV, when possible, BEFORE giving any nitroglycerin
Contraindications
Morphine Sulfate
-Respiratory depression
-Head injuries
-Elevated intracranial pressure
-Asthma (relative)
-Abdominal pain (relative)
Adverse reactions
Morphine Sulfate
-CV: Bradycardia, tachydysrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension
-Resp: respiratory depression or arrest
-CNS: seizures, pupillary constriction
-Derm: histamine release may cause urticaria
Pediatric dose
Morphine Sulfate
- 0.1-0.2 mg/kg slow IV/IO/IM push (max 2 mg increments); max total dose of 5 mg
Special notes
Morphine Sulfate
-CNS side effects can be reversed with naloxone
-MS can cause histamine release, watch for effects at IV site (contact medical control if found)
-Correct hypotension before administration
-Resp. Depression possible approx. 7-10 minutes after administration, use caution with COPD patients
-Infusion pump required with continuous infusions
Contraindications
Furosemide (Lasix)
-Inability to urine (anuria)
-Hypovolemia, hypotension
Adverse reactions
Furosemide (Lasix)
-May exacerbate Hypovolemia
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypokalemia
-May lower the body’s response to vasopressors
Pediatric dose
Furosemide (Lasix)
- 1 mg/kg slow (over 1 to 2 minutes)
Special notes
Furosemide (Lasix)
-Ototoxic (toxic to ear organs) and may result in deafness if given to fast
-May cause allergic reaction in people with allergies to Sulfa drugs (Furosemide is a Sulfonamide derivative)
