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Paramedic 2022 > Drug Group 1 A/B > Flashcards

Drug Group 1 A/B Flashcards

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1
Q

CLASS

Morphine Sulfate

A

-Opioid Analgesic (Relieve Pain)

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2
Q

MOA

Morphine Sulfate

A

-Elevates pain threshold by acting on the pain receptors in the brain.

-Depresses CNS (Central Nervous System) and respiratory centers in the brain.

-Increased venous capacitance, vasodilates arterioles, reduces preload and after load.

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3
Q

INDICATIONS

Morphine Sulfate

A

-Analgesia (relieve pain)

-Pulmonary Edema (“wet lung”/excess fluid in lungs)

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4
Q

ADULT DOSE & ROUTE

Morphine Sulfate

A

-Acute chest pain
*2-4 mg slow IV/IO/IM push (may repeat with 2-8 mg in 5-15 mins as needed)

-Pain management
* 1-5 mg slow IV/IO/IM push (may repeat as needed)

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5
Q

CLASS

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-Analgesic (pain reliever)

-Antipyretic (reduces fever)

-Anti-Inflammatory (reduces swelling)

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6
Q

MOA

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-Decreases platelet aggregation(clumping) by blocking Thromboxane a2(TXA2) (hormone that stimulates platelet aggregation)

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7
Q

INDICATIONS

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-Chest pain, ECG changes or other signs/symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

-Unstable Angina (chest pain/discomfort)

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8
Q

ADULT DOSE & ROUTE

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A
  • 162-324 mg PO (by mouth)
    *4x81 mg chewable tablets)
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9
Q

CLASS

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-Loop Diuretic (Inhibits resorption of water and Sodium from the Loop of Henle)

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10
Q

MOA

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-Inhibits Electrolyte reabsorption in the ascending Loop of Henle

-Promotes excretion of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride

-Increased Venous capacity and decreases after load due to Vasodilation

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11
Q

INDICATIONS

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-Pulmonary Edema, secondary to Renal Failure

-Congestive Heart Failure

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12
Q

ADULT DOSE & ROUTE

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-IV Lasix: 0.5-1 mg/kg IV/IO slow over 1-2 minutes
* If no response, double the 2nd dose to 2 mg/kg IV/IO slow (max 40mg)

-PO Lasix: 2x patients normal daily dose
* If no effect in 20 minutes, may repeat with 2x first dose

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13
Q

CLASS

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Vasodilator (widen blood vessels)

-Antianginal (relieve Angina Pectoris)

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14
Q

MOA

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Smooth muscle relaxant acting on Vascular, Uterine, Bronchial, Intestinal smooth muscle

-Decreases Preload - increases workload of hearts right side by causing blood pooling

-Decreases Afterload - Arterial Vasodilation

-Coronary Artery Vasodilation increases blood flow to Myocardium and decreases Myocardial oxygen demand

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15
Q

INDICATIONS

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Angina

-Myocardial Infarction (MI)

-Congestive Heart Failure with Pulmonary Edema

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16
Q

ADULT DOSE & ROUTE

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-0.4 mg SL tablet/spray
*may repeat up to 3 doses every 5 minutes if Systolic BP is greater than 90 mmHg

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17
Q

Onset of Action

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

30-45 minutes

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18
Q

Peak effect

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

1 to 2 hours

19
Q

Duration of Action

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

4 to 6 hours

20
Q

Onset of Action

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

1 to 3 minutes

21
Q

Peak effect

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

5 to 10 minutes

22
Q

Duration of Action

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

20 to 30 minutes

23
Q

Onset of Action

Morphine Sulfate

A

Seconds

24
Q

Peak effect

Morphine Sulfate

A

20 minutes

25
Q

Duration of Action

Morphine Sulfate

A

2-4 hours

26
Q

Onset of Action

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

5 minutes

27
Q

Peak effect

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

20-60 minutes

28
Q

Duration of Action

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Varies

29
Q

Contraindications

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-Bleeding ulcer, hemorrhagic states, hemophilia

-known hypersensitivity to salicylates or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories

-children and adolescents

30
Q

Adverse reactions

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-Use with caution in patients with asthma history, anaphylactic reactions have occurred

31
Q

Pediatric dose & route

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

None

32
Q

Special notes

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA)

A

-ASA is heat and light sensitive

-Odor of acetic acid (vinegar like smell) indicates med has degraded or is no longer good

33
Q

Contraindications

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg)

-Hypovolemia

-Use of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs in the last 24 hours.

-Suspected head bleed or increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

34
Q

Adverse reactions

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Cardiovascular: hypotension, reflex tachycardia, bradycardia

-Headache

35
Q

Pediatric dose

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

None

36
Q

Special notes

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)

A

-Not compatible with other vasodilators

-Nitroglycerin is heat and light sensitive

-It is best to establish an IV, when possible, BEFORE giving any nitroglycerin

37
Q

Contraindications

Morphine Sulfate

A

-Respiratory depression

-Head injuries

-Elevated intracranial pressure

-Asthma (relative)

-Abdominal pain (relative)

38
Q

Adverse reactions

Morphine Sulfate

A

-CV: Bradycardia, tachydysrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension

-Resp: respiratory depression or arrest

-CNS: seizures, pupillary constriction

-Derm: histamine release may cause urticaria

39
Q

Pediatric dose

Morphine Sulfate

A
  • 0.1-0.2 mg/kg slow IV/IO/IM push (max 2 mg increments); max total dose of 5 mg
40
Q

Special notes

Morphine Sulfate

A

-CNS side effects can be reversed with naloxone

-MS can cause histamine release, watch for effects at IV site (contact medical control if found)

-Correct hypotension before administration

-Resp. Depression possible approx. 7-10 minutes after administration, use caution with COPD patients

-Infusion pump required with continuous infusions

41
Q

Contraindications

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-Inability to urine (anuria)

-Hypovolemia, hypotension

42
Q

Adverse reactions

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-May exacerbate Hypovolemia

-Hyperglycemia

-Hypokalemia

-May lower the body’s response to vasopressors

43
Q

Pediatric dose

Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • 1 mg/kg slow (over 1 to 2 minutes)
44
Q

Special notes

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

-Ototoxic (toxic to ear organs) and may result in deafness if given to fast

-May cause allergic reaction in people with allergies to Sulfa drugs (Furosemide is a Sulfonamide derivative)

Paramedic 2022 (5 decks)

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