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Drug and Alcohol > Drug exam 1 > Flashcards

Drug exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary source

A

the original source, first-hand evidence gathered by authors. eg. peer-reviewed articles

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2
Q

Secondary source

A

describes, interpret, analysis information from other sources. eg. Textbooks, fact sheets

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3
Q

Tertiary source

A

compile or summary of secondary sources eg. Lay press

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4
Q

set + setting

A

reaction

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5
Q

set

A

an individuals’ expectation going into a drug-related experience. It’s a mental state

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6
Q

setting

A

the environment in which the experience takes place. It’s the physical or social environment.

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7
Q

Schedule 1

A
  • high potential for abuse
  • no current medical use
  • lack of accepted safety for use under supervision.
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8
Q

Schedule 2

A
  • high potential for abuse
  • accepted medical use
  • may lead to severe dependence
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9
Q

Schedule 3

A
  • lower potential for abuse
  • accepted medical use
  • limited physical and psychological dependence
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10
Q

Schedule 4

A
  • lower potential for abuse
  • accepted medical use
  • may lead to limited dependence
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11
Q

Schedule 5

A
  • lowest potential for abuse
  • accepted medical use
  • low potential for dependence
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12
Q

MDMA

A

Schedule 1

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13
Q

Cocaine

A

Schedule 2

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14
Q

Heroin

A

Schedule 1

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15
Q

Marijuana

A

Schedule 1

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16
Q

anabolic steroids

A

Schedule 3

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17
Q

morphine

A

Schedule 2

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18
Q

cough suppressant

A

Schedule 5

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19
Q

APE model components

A
  • Agent (the drug itself)
  • Person
  • Environment
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20
Q

Agent examples

A
  • potency 效力
  • dose
  • purity
  • administration 摄入途径
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21
Q

Person examples

A
  • internal - age, sex, genetics

- external - exercise, food, sleep, set

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22
Q

Environment examples

A
  1. advertising/promotion
  2. physical context
  3. sociocultural context
  4. availability
  5. institutions
  6. legal sanctions
  7. key influence
  8. setting
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23
Q

brain area for executive functioning, decision making, and emotion regulation

A

frontal lobe

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24
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A
  • executive functioning
  • decision making
  • emotion regulation
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25
Q

Functions of myeline

A
  • prevents electrical impulses travelling through the sheath
  • prevents ions move into or out of the neurone.
  • it speeds up the conduction/transmission of an electrical impulses in the neurone
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26
Q

Four regions of the neuron

A
  • dentrite
  • cell body
  • axon
  • presynaptic terminals
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27
Q

Function of dentrite

A

recieve signals from other neurons

28
Q

Function of the cell body

A

factory of neuron

provides protein for dentrites, axon, and synaptic terminals

29
Q

Function of axon

A

the main conduction unit, transmitt information to different neurons.

30
Q

Function of presynaptic terminal

A

transmitt signals to non-neuronal cells

31
Q

Vital functions of nervous system

A
  • circulatory system (heart, blood, vessel)
  • repiratory system (breathing)
  • reflex system (rapid response to the threat)
32
Q

Route of administrations

A
  1. inhalation
  2. injection
  3. Mucous membranes (snorting/snuffing)
  4. intravous ingestion
  5. rubbed on skin
33
Q

Slowest route of administration to brain

A

ingesting

34
Q

Fastest route of administration to brain

A

intravenous injection

35
Q

Most abuse potential administration

A

intravous ingestion

36
Q

Agonist

A

Drug bind to a receptor and activate it

37
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug bind to a receptor and not activate it. It keeps other molecules from the receptor to prevent normal process from happening.

38
Q

Affinity

A

The ability of a drug to combine with a receptor and produce an effect.

39
Q

Example of affinity

A

LSD can bind the receptor tightly, so very little is needed to cause hallucinogen.

40
Q

Efficacy

A

maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of dose

41
Q

Example of efficacy

A

Both aspirin and morphine assist on pain relief, but aspirin has less efficacy for this action.

42
Q

How does drug influence neurons

A
  • mainly affect presynaptic terminal or postsynaptic terminal
  • produce more or fewer neurotransmitter
  • produce more or fewer neurotransmitter receptors
  • produce more or fewer blockers to receptor
43
Q

Addiction

A

a chronic and relapsing brain disease that is compulsive and competitive drug seeking and use, despite harmful results.

44
Q

Physical dependence

A

it occurs when one’s body develops and tolerant to the drug and experiences withdrawal when use stops.

45
Q

Key neuron involved in the reward and pleasure system

A

Dopamine

46
Q

Define tolerance

A
  • adapt to the drug and our reaction to the drug is progressively reduced
  • the concentration of drug need to raise
47
Q

Define Withdrawal

A
  • when we remove or reduce the drug, body needs to adapt again
  • many negative physical and mental symptoms
  • flip side of tolerance
48
Q

Why addiction is brain disease?

A

Because drug changes the structure of brain and how it works

49
Q

Severity of AUD

A

Mild, moderate, severe

50
Q

Mild

A

2-3 symptoms

51
Q

moderate

A

4-5 symptoms

52
Q

severe

A

over 6 symptoms

53
Q

comorbidity of mental health disorders and substance use disorders

A
  • self-medication
  • causal effect
  • common or correlated risk factors
54
Q

Self-medication

A

use drug to treat/relieve mental illness

55
Q

Causal effect

A

drug use results in mental illness

56
Q

Collapse/correlated reasons

A

experiences increases the risk of both drug use and mental illness

57
Q

four major diagnostic changes made with DSM-5

A
  • impaired control
  • social impairment
  • ricky use
  • pharmachological criteria.
58
Q

three characteristics of Disenfranchised Grief

A
  • social stigma - embarrassment on the part of bereaved because loss is unsanctioned. / secrecy
  • grief not expressed at the proper time - emotions are restrained, stifled, or frustrated. / grief delayed because of hostile reactions of the expression
  • emotional problems - the disenfranchised grief may lead to the exaageration of the emotion
59
Q

Earliest time to introduce prevention

A

intervene should be introduced as early as infancy to adress risk factors for drug abuse such as aggressive behavior or poor social skills.

60
Q

Universal prevention program

A

It includes the strategies of prevention that are delivered to broad population without consideration of individual differences in risk substance abuse.
Eg. Lion’s request, Caring School Community

61
Q

Selective prevention program

A

it includes the programs and practices that are targeted to one or more sub-groups of the population which is identified the substance abuse risk.
Eg. Early steps, family check-up. Programs towards no drug abuse

62
Q

Indicated prevention program

A

it is the intervene aimed at individuals who have identified the risk of substance abuse.
Eg. Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students.

63
Q

Primary prevention

A

prevention

64
Q

Secondery prevention

A

intervene

65
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

treatment

66
Q

protective factors shown to prevent substance use and abuse fundamentally relate to what?

A

the attachment that develops in individual who are attached to prosocial families, friends, schools, communities. Prosocial is the volunteer behavior that benefit others.

Drug and Alcohol (2 decks)

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