Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Drug Drawer > Flashcards

Drug Drawer Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol

A

Drug Class: SympathomimeticEffect: Bronchial RelaxationMechanism: Selective beta2 adrenergic agonistPeak Effect: 30-60 minutesDuration of Action: 4 hoursConcentration: 90mcg/puffDose: 2 puffs during deep inhalation every 4-6 hours.Method of Administration: Metered Dose Inhaler, OralIndications: Wheezing, bronchospasmContraindications: Tachydysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amiodarone

A

Drug Class: Antidysrhythmic Class 3Effect: Block potassium ion channels resulting in prolonged depolarization, action potential duration, and the effective refractory period.Mechanism: Sodium channel blockade (class 1), Beta-blockade (class 2), and calcium channel blockade (class 4)Duration of Action: 4 hoursDose: Can give 5mg/kg over 2-5 minDose (common): 150 mg IV loading dose over 10 minutes, followed by 1mg/min IV for 6 hours, and 0.5mg/min IV for 18 hours after.Indications: Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atropine

A

Drug Class: Anticholinergic DrugMechanism: Muscarinic receptor antagonists. Antagonistically inhibits parasympathetic nerve conduction.Onset: 1 minuteDuration of action: 30-60 minutesDose: For bradycardia 0.4-0.6 mg (up to 3mg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

Drug Class: Electrolyte ReplacementMechanism of action:Increase the force of cardiac contractility, by initiating myofibril shortening.Effect: In normally functioning hearts calcium will produce positive inotropic and vasoconstrictive effects and increase systemic arterial blood pressure. In abnormally functioning hearts calcium will produce positive inotropic effects may increase or decrease systemic vascular resistance. It also appears to increase ventricular automaticity.Duration of Action: 10-20 minutesDose: 5-10 mg/kg IVIndications: Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia.Contraindications: Hypercalcemia, digitalis toxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cefazolin

A

Drug Class: First Generation CephalosporinEffect: Prevent infectionDuration of Action: Redosed 2-6 hoursDose: 1-2g IV (>50kg is 2g)Contraindication: Penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Drug Class: Second Generation CephalosporinEffect: Prevent InfectionDuration of Action: Redosed 2-6 hoursDose: 2g IVContraindication: Penicillin AllergyMechanism: Extended activity against gram-negative bacteria. Resistant to produced cephalosporinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cleocin Phosphate (converts to clindamycin)

A

Drug Class: Macrolide AntimicrobialEffect: Prevent and treat infection, particularly effective in GI tract and female genital tractDuration of Action: Redose every 6 hoursDose: 600 or 900mg IV infusionIndication: Penicillin Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron)

A

Drug Class: CorticosteroidEffect: Reduce swelling, prevent PONVDuration of Action: Half-life 3 hours, effects last as long as 24 hours.Dose: 4-8mg PONVDon’t give pre-op if possible, causes peri-anal itching.Contraindications: Systemic Fungal Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A

Drug Class: AntihistamineEffect: Prevent histamine releaseMechanism of Action: Histamine receptor antagonist.Duration of action: 3-6 hoursDose: 25-50mg IVIndications: Anaphylaxis, allergic reaction, PONV, histamine release, redman syndrome.Contraindications: Acute asthma attack, lower respiratory tract disease. Nursing mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ephedrine

A

Drug Class: Synthetic non-catecholamineEffect: Increase blood pressure and heart rateMechanism of Action: Mostly indirect stimulation of the release of norepinephrine, stimulating alpha receptors. Some direct stimulation of beta receptors as well.Dose: 5-20 mgCaution: Tachyphylaxis (you will see diminishing affects with each subsequent dose as norepinephrine is depleted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epinephrine

A

Drug Class: CatecholamineUse: Increase Heart rate and Blood pressure, Anaphylaxis, bronchospasmSupplied: 16mcg/mL and 4mcg/mLDose: 8-16mcgInfusion: 1-2mcg/min - Beta 2 receptors4mcg/min - Beta 110-20mcg/min alpha and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Employ??

A

Look for this drug in the cart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Etomidate (amidate)

A

Drug Class: Imidazole Induction AgentUse: Induction/HypnosisSupplied: 2mg/mL (35% propylene glycol)Dose: 0.2-0.3mg/kgIndication: Unstable/weak cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fentanyl

A

Drug Class: Synthetic OpioidUse: AnalgesiaSupplied: 50mcg/mLPeak Effect: 3-5 minutesDuration: 30-60 minutesDose: 1-2mcg/kgInfusion: 1-2mcg/kg/hrCaution: Synergism with Midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Furosemide

A

Drug Class: DiureticUse: Severe essential hypertension, edema due to congestive heart failure, renal failure, and hepatic failureMechanism of Action: Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the medullary portions of the ascending limbs of the loops of Henle.Dose: 0.1-1mg/kg IV for edema 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV for increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Drug Class: AnticholinergicUse: Antisialigogue, NMB reversalSupplied: 0.2mg/mLDose: Pre-med antisialigogue - 0.2mgReversal: 0.2mg/1mg NeostigmineOnset: 2-3minutesDuration: 30-60 minutes

17
Q

Heparin

A

Drug Class: AnticoagulantUse: AnticoagulationSupplied: 1000units/mLDose: Surgeon dependent. 2000-5000 units IVHalf-Life: 60-90 minutes

18
Q

Hydralazine

A

Drug Class: Hypotensive AgentUse: HypertensionSupplied: 20mg/1mLDose: 5-20mgOnset: 20 minutes!!Duration: 6-8 hours!!!Principal Arterial DilatorReflexive Tachycardia

19
Q

Hydrocortisone (cortisol)

A

Drug Class: GlucocorticoidUse: Immunosupression, AntiinflammatoryDose: 100mg/day per 70kgDuration: 6 hours

20
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A

Drug Class: Semi-Synthetic OpioidUse: AnalgesiaSupplied: 2mg/1mLDose: 0.5-2mgOnset: 5 minutesDuration: 3-6 hoursMost people dilute to 1mg/mL or even 0.2mg/mL

21
Q

Ipratropium

A

Drug Class: AnticholinergicUse: BronchodilationSupplied: 20mcg/puffDose: 40-80mcgOnset: 30-90 minutesDuration: 4-6 hoursTypically not first choice treatment of acute bronchoconstriction

22
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Drug Class: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID)Use: Analgesia (typically post-operative)Dose: 30mg IVDuration: 6 hoursSide Effects: Renal toxicity, hepatocellular injury, asthma exacerpation, inhibition of platelet aggregation.

23
Q

Labetalol

A

Drug Class: Non-Selective Beta BlockerUse: Control Heart Rate and Blood PressureSupplied: 5mg/mL (20mL vial)Dose: 0.1-0.25 mg/kg (5mg initial dose)Effect: decreases blood pressure through beta effects on the heart and vasodilation through alpha receptors.Side Effect: Can cause bronchoconstriction in patient’s with reactive airways

24
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Drug Class: Beta Blocker (Beta 1)Use: Decrease Heart RateSupplied: 5mg (1mg/mL)Dose: 1-2mgDuration: Multiple Hours

25
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A

Drug Class: BenzodiazepineUses: Anxiolysis, Sedation, AmnesiaSupplied: 1mg/mLDose: 1-2.5mg IV or 0.5mg/kg POOnset: 30-60 secondsDuration: 15-80 minutesCaution: Hepatic Disease, ElderlyMechanism: attenuates GABA receptor to hyperpolarize the brain cells.

26
Q

Neostigmine

A

Drug Class: AnticholinesteraseUse: NMB ReversalSupplied: 1mg/mL (0.5mg/mL)Dose: 0.04 - 0.07 mg/kgCaution: BLUDSAdministered with glycopyrrolate

27
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Class: Hypotensive AgentUse: Angina, HypertensionSupplied: 100mcg/mLDose Bolus: 50-100mcgDose Infusion: 0.5-10mcg/kg/minDuration: 2 minutesOnset: 30 secondsCaution: Principally venous dilator (reduces venous return), decrease ventricular wall tension

28
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

Drug Class: SympathomimeticUse: Increase Heart Rate and Blood PressureMechanism: Alpha and Beta 1 AgonistSupplied: 4mg/4mL ampuleDose Bolus: 0.1mcg/kgDose Infusion: 2-20mcg/minDuration: 1-2 minutes

29
Q

Odansetron (Zofran)

A

Drug Class: 5-HT3 Receptor AntagonistUse: PONVMechanism: Selectively blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors which would otherwise initiate the vomiting reflex.Onset: 30 minutesSupplied: 4mg/2mLDose: 4mg IVDuration: 4 hours

30
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Drug Class: SympathomimeticUse: Increase Blood PressureMechanism: Alpha adreneric agonist which causes systemic arterial vasoconstriction.Onset: Near ImmediateDuration of Action: 15-20 minutesDose: 50-100 mcg bolusesSupplied: 10mg/mL

31
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

Drug Class: DiisopropylphenolUse: Induction, Sedation, MACSupplied: 10mg/mL (1%)Dose Induction: 1.0-2.5mg/kgDose Infusion: 25-200mcg/kg/minCaution: Bacterial Growth after 6 hoursMechanism: attenuates GABA receptor to hyperpolarize the brain cells.

32
Q

Rocuronium

A

Drug Class: Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular BlockerUse: Intubation, paralysisSupplied: 10mg/mLOnset: 1-2 minutesDuration: 20-35 minutesDose Intubation: 0.6-1.2 mg/kgDose Maintenance: 0.1mg/kgDose Infusion: 5-12 mcg/kg/min

33
Q

Scopolamine

A

Drug Class: AnticholinergicUse: Antisialigogue, Increase Cardiac OutputMechanism: Blocks acetylcholine receptors on the parasympathetic nervous system.Supplied: 0.3, 0.4, and 1mg/mLDose: 0.3-0.65 mg IV, IM, or SubQDuration: 4 hoursOnset: 10 minutes IV

34
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A

Drug Class: Depolarizing Neuromuscular BlockerUse: Intubation, Paralysis, LaryngospasmSupplied: 20mg/mLOnset: 30 secondsDose Intubation: 1-2 mg/kgDose Laryngospasm: 0.1 mg/kgDuration of Action: 3-5 minutesCaution: Malignant Hyperthermia

35
Q

Vancomycin

A

Drug Class: AntibioticUse: Prevent InfectionDose: 90kg 1.5g IV over 1 hourRedose: 8-12 hoursIndication: Penicillin AllergyCaution: Redman syndrom where there is hypotension and flushing of the torso due to large histamine release. Must be started within 2 hours of incision so it’s all in within 1 hour.

36
Q

Vasopressin

A

Potent vasoconstrictor.Functions similar to epinephrine without the cardiac stimulation.Can be used in code situations or anaphylaxis depending on symptoms.More effective than epinephrine in asystolic cardiac arrestCode Dose: 40 unitsTherapeutic Dose: ~2 units at a time

37
Q

Vecuronium

A

Drug Class: Aminosteroid, Non-depolarizingUse: ParalysisSupplied: 10mg powder reconstituted to 1mg/mLOnset: 3-5 minutesDuration: 20-35 minutesMetabolism: Liver and KidneysDose Intubation: 0.08-.012 mg/kgDose Infusion: 1-2 mcg/kg/minMaintenance: 0.01 mg/kg

38
Q

Cisatracurium (Nimbex)

A

Class: Benzyl isoquinolinium, Non-depolarizingUse: ParalysisSupplied: 20 mg vial (2mg/mL)Onset: 3-5 minutesDuration: 20-35 minutesDose Intubation: 0.1-0.15 mg/kgDose Infusion: 1-2 mcg/kg/minGood for renal/hepatic dysfunction.

39
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Class: Opioid AntagonistUse: Overdose, respiratory depressionSupplied: 0.4 mg vialDose: 1-4 mcg/kgCaution: Nausea and Vomiting, Pain, Tachycardia, increased sympathetic nervous system.Dilute 0.4 mg vial in 10mL and give 1-2mL over 2-3 minutes

Pharm (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions