Drug Delivery Route Flashcards
Examples of drug delivery
Eternal,
local,
parenteral,
Examples of eternal drug delivery
Capsules, tablets, sublingual, caplets feeding tube, enteric coated, and suppositories
Advantages of enteric drug delivery?
Safe, self administered, convenient, economical, and no invasive
Disadvantages of enteric drug delivery?
Slow on set of action, possible GI irritation, cannot be given to unconscious or uncooperative patients and may undergo extensive first pass metabolism
Examples of parenteral drug delivery
Internal, intravenous (IV), intramuscular(IM), inhalation, subcutaneous, transdermal, and transmucosal
Parenteral ophthalmic injection examples
Retrobulbar, sub conjunctiva, intracameral, intravitreal
Advantages of parenteral drug delivery
Rapid action, more predictable action, ease of administration to unconscious pts, avoid first pass metabolism, and avoids GI irritation
Disadvantages of parental drug delivery
May be painful, May damage nerve/ tissue, expensive, less safe, and asepsis must be maintained
Examples of local drug delivery
Ointment, cream, gel, paste, mucous membrane, and powder
Advantages of local drug delivery
- Low risk of systematic adverse effects
- Low risk of drug interactions
- Small amount of drug used
- Low coast
- Avoids first pass metabolism
Disadvantages of local drug delivery
Potential allergic contact dermatitis
Penetrates only targeted areas
Skin type impacts absorption speedy
Time consuming to apply
Advantages of innovative drug delivery
Improve compliance
Drug stays in the tissue even after the lens is removal
Continues drug delivery
Avoids need for surgery or drops
Not very invasive
What are the concerns of innovative drug delivery
Cost,
contact lens intolerance
Risk of infection
Type of delivery
Parenteral or topical
What are the three key steps of meditation instillation
Wash hands
Place cup in clean area
Do not touch tip of bottle/tube to eye
What is the cap colour of antibiotics
Tan
What is the cap colour of anti-inflammatory or steroid?
Pink
What is the cap colour of mydiatics or cyclopegics?
Red
What’s the cap colour of beta-blockers?
Yellow
What is the cap colour of beta- blocker combination?
Dark blue
What’s the colour of adrenergic agonists?
Purple
What’s the cap colour of Miotics?
Dark green
What’s the cap colour of Nonstroidal anti-inflammation?
Grey
What’s the cap colour of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Orange
What’s the cap colour of Prostaglandin analogues
Turquoise
Examples of OTC ophthalmic products
Artificial tears
ophthalmic vitamins
Contact lens solution
Antimicrobials
Diagnostic dyes
Hyperosmotics
Mast cell stabilizers
Antihistamine
Sympathomimetic decongestants
What are the group 5 OTC products and used for?
Box indicates treatment of allergies Mast cell stabilizer
Used: histamine release
Product examp: opticrom and cromolyn eye drops
Examples of OTC group 7 products?
Multi vitamins
Used: slow macular degeneration and manage dry eyes
Product examp: ocuvite, vitalux, and De(dry eye omega benefits)
What are the ophthalmic adverse drug reactions for Bleph-10 (sulpha drug)
Skin irritation
Itching
Rashes
Allergic reactions
Ophthalmic adverse drug reaction for pred forte/ maxidex
Elevated intraocular pressure (risk of glaucoma
Ophthalmic adverse drug reaction for mydriacyl(tropicamide) / cyclogyl (cyclopentolate)
Allergic tea
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Headache
Nausea/vomiting
Flushed skin
Blurry vision
Photophobia
Ophthalmic adverse drug reactions of alphagan (brimonidine) / iopidine ( apraclonidine)
Large reduction in blood pressure foreign body sensation, eyelid and conjunctival edema allergic reaction
Ophthalmic adverse drug reactions of timoptic (timolol) / betoptic (betaxolol)
Contact dermatitis, hives, rashes, bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension, bronchospasm
Causes of dry diseases
Aging,
medications,
digital devices.
environment,
contact lenses,
LASIK surgery,
meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
Blepharitis,
Reduced aqueous production
Examples of MGD
Thickened meibum
Pool oil layer
Tear evaporation
Treatment for MGD
Hot compresses
Expression of meibomian glands
Omega 3 supplements
Artificial tears
Medications
Lipiflow
Types of contact lenses
Soft contact lenses,
Hard lenses
Speciality lenses
Gas permeable lenses
Contact lens solution
Multipurpose solution (MPS)
Hydrogen peroxide solution
Gas permeable care system
Rewetting drops for improving comfort
T/F Multi purpose contact lens solution cleans soft lenses
True
Hydrogen peroxide CL solution cleans any type of lenses
True
