Drug Delivery Route

Question 1

Examples of drug delivery

Answer 1

Eternal,
local,
parenteral,

Question 2

Examples of eternal drug delivery

Answer 2

Capsules, tablets, sublingual, caplets feeding tube, enteric coated, and suppositories

Question 3

Advantages of enteric drug delivery?

Answer 3

Safe, self administered, convenient, economical, and no invasive

Question 4

Disadvantages of enteric drug delivery?

Answer 4

Slow on set of action, possible GI irritation, cannot be given to unconscious or uncooperative patients and may undergo extensive first pass metabolism

Question 5

Examples of parenteral drug delivery

Answer 5

Internal, intravenous (IV), intramuscular(IM), inhalation, subcutaneous, transdermal, and transmucosal

Question 6

Parenteral ophthalmic injection examples

Answer 6

Retrobulbar, sub conjunctiva, intracameral, intravitreal

Question 7

Advantages of parenteral drug delivery

Answer 7

Rapid action, more predictable action, ease of administration to unconscious pts, avoid first pass metabolism, and avoids GI irritation

Question 8

Disadvantages of parental drug delivery

Answer 8

May be painful, May damage nerve/ tissue, expensive, less safe, and asepsis must be maintained

Question 9

Examples of local drug delivery

Answer 9

Ointment, cream, gel, paste, mucous membrane, and powder

Question 10

Advantages of local drug delivery

Answer 10

1. Low risk of systematic adverse effects
2. Low risk of drug interactions
3. Small amount of drug used
4. Low coast
5. Avoids first pass metabolism

Question 11

Disadvantages of local drug delivery

Answer 11

Potential allergic contact dermatitis
Penetrates only targeted areas
Skin type impacts absorption speedy
Time consuming to apply

Question 12

Advantages of innovative drug delivery

Answer 12

Improve compliance
Drug stays in the tissue even after the lens is removal
Continues drug delivery
Avoids need for surgery or drops
Not very invasive

Question 13

What are the concerns of innovative drug delivery

Answer 13

Cost,
contact lens intolerance
Risk of infection
Type of delivery
Parenteral or topical

Question 14

What are the three key steps of meditation instillation

Answer 14

Wash hands
Place cup in clean area
Do not touch tip of bottle/tube to eye

Question 15

What is the cap colour of antibiotics

Answer 15

Tan

Question 16

What is the cap colour of anti-inflammatory or steroid?

Answer 16

Pink

Question 17

What is the cap colour of mydiatics or cyclopegics?

Answer 17

Red

Question 18

What’s the cap colour of beta-blockers?

Answer 18

Yellow

Question 19

What is the cap colour of beta- blocker combination?

Answer 19

Dark blue

Question 20

What’s the colour of adrenergic agonists?

Answer 20

Purple

Question 21

What’s the cap colour of Miotics?

Answer 21

Dark green

Question 22

What’s the cap colour of Nonstroidal anti-inflammation?

Answer 22

Grey

Question 23

What’s the cap colour of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 23

Orange

Question 24

What’s the cap colour of Prostaglandin analogues

Answer 24

Turquoise

Question 25

Examples of OTC ophthalmic products

Answer 25

Artificial tears ophthalmic vitamins Contact lens solution Antimicrobials Diagnostic dyes Hyperosmotics Mast cell stabilizers Antihistamine Sympathomimetic decongestants

Question 26

What are the group 5 OTC products and used for?

Answer 26

Box indicates treatment of allergies Mast cell stabilizer Used: histamine release Product examp: opticrom and cromolyn eye drops

Question 27

Examples of OTC group 7 products?

Answer 27

Multi vitamins Used: slow macular degeneration and manage dry eyes Product examp: ocuvite, vitalux, and De(dry eye omega benefits)

Question 28

What are the ophthalmic adverse drug reactions for Bleph-10 (sulpha drug)

Answer 28

Skin irritation Itching Rashes Allergic reactions

Question 29

Ophthalmic adverse drug reaction for pred forte/ maxidex

Answer 29

Elevated intraocular pressure (risk of glaucoma

Question 30

Ophthalmic adverse drug reaction for mydriacyl(tropicamide) / cyclogyl (cyclopentolate)

Answer 30

Allergic tea Tachycardia Dry mouth Headache Nausea/vomiting Flushed skin Blurry vision Photophobia

Question 31

Ophthalmic adverse drug reactions of alphagan (brimonidine) / iopidine ( apraclonidine)

Answer 31

Large reduction in blood pressure foreign body sensation, eyelid and conjunctival edema allergic reaction

Question 32

Ophthalmic adverse drug reactions of timoptic (timolol) / betoptic (betaxolol)

Answer 32

Contact dermatitis, hives, rashes, bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension, bronchospasm

Question 33

Causes of dry diseases

Answer 33

Aging, medications, digital devices. environment, contact lenses, LASIK surgery, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) Blepharitis, Reduced aqueous production

Question 34

Examples of MGD

Answer 34

Thickened meibum Pool oil layer Tear evaporation

Question 35

Treatment for MGD

Answer 35

Hot compresses Expression of meibomian glands Omega 3 supplements Artificial tears Medications Lipiflow

Question 36

Types of contact lenses

Answer 36

Soft contact lenses, Hard lenses Speciality lenses Gas permeable lenses

Question 37

Contact lens solution

Answer 37

Multipurpose solution (MPS) Hydrogen peroxide solution Gas permeable care system Rewetting drops for improving comfort

Question 38

T/F Multi purpose contact lens solution cleans soft lenses

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Hydrogen peroxide CL solution cleans any type of lenses

Answer 39

True